Table 1.
Main properties and applications of the commercially available MALDI-TOF MS devices in clinical microbiology.
| Property/Application | Biotyper Sirius (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, GmbH, Germany) |
VITEK MS (bioMérieux, Mercy Étoile, France) |
ASTA MicroIDSys (ASTA Inc., Suwon, Korea) |
Autof MS1000 (Autobio Diagnostics, Zhenhzhou, China) |
Shimadzu Axima (Shimadzu, Japan) | EXS2600 (Zybio Inc., Chongqing, China) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample preparation | [23,33,50,51,52,53] | ||||||
| Manual | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Automatable | Yes (ColibrìTM instrument) | Yes (ColibrìTM instrument) | No data | No data | No data | No data | |
| Sample pretreatment | No | For mycobacteria and fungi | For mycobacteria and fungi | For mycobacteria and fungi (FA) | For mycobacteria and fungi (FA) | For fungi (FA) | [29,50] |
| One step ready-to-use matrix (type) | No (CHCA matrix lyophilized) | Yes (CHCA matrix for bacteria; FA matrix for fungi) | No (two steps: FA, followed by the CHCA matrix for all use) | No (two steps: pretreatment kit, followed by the CHCA matrix) | No data | Yes | [33,37,50] |
| Target plate | [25,48,50,51,52,53,54] | ||||||
| Capacity | 96 spots | 48 spots | 96 spots | 96 spots | 96 spots | 96 spots | |
| Disposable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | |
| Reusable | yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |
| Database for microbial identification and microorganisms that have been identified |
4194 species (BMT IVD reference library 12.0) based on isolate-specific references approach; Gram-positive Gram-negative Anaerobes Mycobacteria not included Filamentous fungi not included |
1316 species (VITEK IVD 3.2 knowledge base) based on taxonomical group-specific principles; Gram-positive Gram-negative Anaerobes Mycobacteria included Filamentous fungi included |
3193 species (ASTA library Core DB version 1.27-biuld001) based on isolate-specific references approach; Gram-positive Gram- negative Anaerobes Mycobacteria included Filamentous fungi included |
Over 5000 species (libray v1.1.0) Gram-positive Gram- negative Anaerobes Mycobacteria included Filamentous fungi included |
About 5000 species (database year 2013) Gram-positive Gram- negative Anaerobes Filamentous fungi included; for mycobacteria: no data |
4051 species (V.1.0.0.0 database) Gram-positive Gram- negative Anaerobes (Mycobacteria included: few data available) Filamentous fungi included |
[29,32,33,37,38,40,48,49,50,53] |
| Identification criteria | Pattern matching approach based on “Main Spectrum Profile”; similarity expressed as “log(scoring)” (number) to peak patterns in the data base |
Algorithm based on machine learning “Advanced Spectra Classifier”; Confidence values (%) for the similarity to a reference species in the database |
Analogous to MALDI Biotyper | Analogous to MALDI Biotyper | Analogous to VITEK MS | Analogous to MALDI Biotyper | [25,49,50,53] |
| Users’ database implementation | Yes | No | No | No | No data | No data | [5,10,11,14,26,32,41,42,43] |
| Additional modules | MTB Mycobacteria IVD module MTB HT filamentous fungi IVD module MTB Subtyping IVD module MBT HT Spsityper IVD module MBT STAR-BL IVD module (for beta lactamase detection) |
No | No | No data | No data | No data | [7,25,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64] |
| Additional kits | MTB Sepsityper IVD kit (can be associated with MBT STAR-BL IVD module) | VITEK MS Blood Culture Kit (Research Use Only) VITEK MS Mould Kit (IVD) VITEK MS Mycobacteria/Nocardia Kit (IVD) |
No data | AUTO MS pretreatment kit for blood cultures | No data | Manual kit for the pretreatment of blood cultures | [7,25,50,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64] |
| Antimicrobial detection | MTB STAR-Caba IVD assay (associated with MBT STAR-BL IVD module) MTB STAR-Cepha IVD assay |
No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | [7,25,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64] |