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. 2024 Feb 14;24(4):1225. doi: 10.3390/s24041225

Figure 12.

Figure 12

The constraints, the process values (PV), the setting points (SP), and the range of constraints (LL, HL) if a manipulated or non-manipulated variable is close to zero (0). The green colour arrow means that the PV is increasing, the red colour arrow that it is decreasing and the yellow colour arrow that it is stable.