Table 8.

A selection of business and asset management digital twins research.

Domain	Physical Asset	Sensors	Physical–Digital Data Flow	Form of Digital Asset	Research Objective	Ref.
Production management	Products and assets	Product documentation throughout production	Data from production assets, plants, and operators	Asset Administration Shell (AAS) for lifecycle tracking	Develop a digital twin for efficient lifecycle tracking in high-volume production	[59]
Production management	Steel production line	Onboard sensors and telemetry data sources in production line	Sensor readings, batch data, and manually-input data	Virtual production line properties via the digital twin API	Propose a hybrid digital twin approach integrating Industry 4.0-compliant digital twins with AAS and Apache StreamPipes	[60]
Environment monitoring	Spread of invasive species	Social Media (Twitter)	Posts on spotted lanternfly sightings and behaviors	Visualization of invasive species spread	Create a digital twin using social media content for environmental monitoring	[61]
Social issue alleviation	Social subjects (e.g., personal life, organizations)	Chat rooms	Communication data from chat rooms	Real-time sentiment analysis and Chatbot-driven conversation facilitation	Use chatbots to stimulate and sustain communication in social environments	[62]
Social network	Social sentiments	Business intelligence data infrastructure	Data from social networks	Knowledge graphs for social data mapping	Create semantic-driven digital twins for analyzing social network dynamics	[63]