Activation of PKA by paclitaxel, vincristine, and forskolin in MCF-7 cells. Cells were treated with paclitaxel (0.1 μM), vincristine (0.1 μM), forskolin (20 μM), or nocodazole (0.1 μM) and harvested at 0.5, 4, 18, and 24 h. Lysates were assayed for phosphotransferase activity, and the PKA ratio was calculated as described in Materials and Methods. Data (means ± standard errors of quadruplicate determinations) are from one of three separate experiments that gave similar results.