Table 1.

The impact of polyphenols on the advancement of melanoma tumors (↓ downregulation, ↑ upregulation).

Polyphenol	Study Type	Study Model	Effects	Targets	Ref.
EGCG + metformin	In vitro	B16F10 cells	Inhibition of cell growth and STAT3/NF-κb pathway	STAT3 and NF-κb p65 ↓	[81]
Curcumin	In vivo	BK5.IGF-1 transgenic (Tg) mice	Inhibition of tumor growth	IGF-1 ↓	[83]
Genistein	In vitro	B16F10 melanoma cells	Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis	p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK ↓	[86]
Quercetin	In vitro	B16 and A375 cells	Suppressed proliferation	RIG-I ↑ IFN-I ↑ STAT1 ↑	[89]
EGCG	In vivo	C57BL/6 mice	Inhibition of tumor growth	STAT1 ↓	[90]
Rosmarinic acid	In vitro	A375	Inhibits proliferation and migration	ADAM17/EGFR/AKT/GSK3β ↓	[84]
Luteolin	In vitro	A375	Inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion	MMP-2 and MMP-9 ↓ TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 ↑	[94]
Apigenin	In vivo	WT mice TKO mice	Inhibition of UV-induced cutaneous angiogenesis	TSP-1 ↑	[106]
Caffeic acid	In vivo	Male Swiss albino mice	Inhibition of angiogenesis and proliferation	TSP-1 ↑	[102]
Resveratrol	In vitro	Co-culture	Antiangiogenic effects	VEGF ↓ TSP-1 ↑	[96]
EGCG	In vitro	1205Lu, HS294T, and A375 cells	Inhibition of cell proliferation	STAT1 ↓	[90]
Herbacetin	In vitro	A375 and Hs294T cells	Suppressed angiogenesis	MMP9 ↓	[105]