Table 4.
Association between baseline characteristics and pain phenotype membership transition from baseline to 24-month follow-up
| Baseline characteristics | Pain phenotype membership transition | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | No Pain OR (95% CI) | Mild P-A OR (95% CI) | Mild P-R-A OR (95% CI) | Mod P-R-A OR (95% CI) |
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.14) | 1.49 (1.18, 1.63) |
| Mild P-A | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.26) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.05) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.97 (0.95, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Age | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
| Mild P-A | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) |
| Mild P-R-A | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| Mod P-R-A | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) |
| CES-D score | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.03) |
| Mild P-A | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) |
| Mild P-R-A | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) |
| 25 kg/m2 ⩽ BMI < 30 kg/m2 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.07) | 1.35 (1.21, 1.46) | 1.58 (1.30, 1.78) |
| Mild P-A | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.16 (0.99, 1.34) |
| Mild P-R-A | 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.07) |
| Mod P-R-A | 1.02 (1.00, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.00 (reference) |
| BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m2 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) | 1.33 (1.17, 1.47) | 1.50 (1.12, 1.79) |
| Mild P-A | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.14) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.21) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.93 (0.90, 0.97) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.99) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) |
| Mod P-R-A | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.00 (reference) |
| College education or above | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 1.08 (0.75, 1.49) |
| Mild P-A | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.16) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.07) |
| Mod P-R-A | 1.01 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.06) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Non-whites | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.01) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.23) | 1.68 (1.40, 2.18) |
| Mild P-A | 1.06 (0.98, 1.11) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.29 (1.09, 1.50) |
| Mild P-R-A | 1.08 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.16) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.02) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Injury | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.14 (0.96, 1.24) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.05) |
| Mild P-A | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.97, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.87, 1.16) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.98 (0.93, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 1.00 (reference) |
| KL grade = 1 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.20) | 1.27 (1.06, 1.40) | 1.52 (1.06, 2.16) |
| Mild P-A | 0.92 (0.90, 0.98) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.02) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.45) |
| Mild P-R-A | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.88, 0.98) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.96 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) |
| KL grade = 2 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.24 (1.14, 1.33) | 1.34 (1.19, 1.47) | 1.38 (1.03, 1.60) |
| Mild P-A | 0.87 (0.85, 0.91) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.25) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.92 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.94 (0.93, 1.00) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.08) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.00 (reference) |
| KL grade = 3 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.41 (1.28, 1.56) | 1.62 (1.43, 1.81) | 1.82 (1.29, 2.22) |
| Mild P-A | 0.84 (0.82, 0.90) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.20 (1.13, 1.30) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.73) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) | 0.90 (0.89, 0.94) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.02) | 1.00 (reference) |
| KL grade = 4 | ||||
| No Pain | 1.00 (reference) | 1.35 (1.21, 1.49) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.37) | 1.45 (1.09, 1.76) |
| Mild P-A | 0.81 (0.75, 0.89) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.83, 1.28) |
| Mild P-R-A | 0.75 (0.70, 0.83) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.93) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.90 (0.84, 1.04) |
| Mod P-R-A | 0.90 (0.80, 0.96) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.01) | 1.00 (reference) |
Mild P-A mild pain during activity, Mild P-R-A mild pain during both rest and activity, Mod P-R-A moderate pain during both rest and activity, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression, BMI body mass index, KL Kellgren and Lawrence
Baseline characteristics listed above were used as covariates in the multivariable regression