Table 2.
Survey-weighted cox proportional hazard results examining the association of ePWV on all-cause and CVD mortality in the general U.S. adults from NHANES 1999 to 2014
| Death | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | Adjusted Model 3 | Adjusted Model 4 | Adjusted Model 5 | Adjusted Model 6 | |
| ePWV, 1 m/s increase | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |
| All-cause Mortality | 5,138 | 1.67 (1.65–1.70)a | 1.66 (1.62–1.70)a | 1.64 (1.61–1.68)a | 1.48 (1.45–1.52)a | 1.45 (1.41–1.50)a | 1.46 (1.42–1.50)a | 1.50 (1.45–1.54)a |
| CVD Mortality | 1,386 | 1.78 (1.74–1.82)a | 1.72 (1.65–1.79)a | 1.71 (1.65–1.78)a | 1.51 (1.44–1.58)a | 1.45 (1.38–1.53)a | 1.46 (1.39–1.54)a | 1.49 (1.41–1.57)a |
| ePWV, 1 m/s increase | Adjusted Model 7 | Adjusted Model 8 | ||||||
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |||||||
| All-cause Mortality | 5,138 | 1.29 (1.24–1.34)a | 1.30 (1.24–1.35)a | |||||
| CVD Mortality | 1,386 | 1.34 (1.23–1.45)a | 1.35 (1.24–1.47)a |
Respiratory diseases indicated all deaths from chronic lower respiratory diseases. Renal disease indicated all deaths from nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis
Model 1 adjust heart rate(continuous), pulse pressure (continuous)
Model 2 adjust Model 1 plus other demographic variables including gender (male, gender), race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and other races) and poverty income ratio (continuous)
Model 3 adjusted Model 2 plus other parameters including body mass index (continuous), waist (continuous), estimated glomerular filtration rate (continuous), total cholesterol (continuous), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (continuous)
Model 4 adjusted Model 3 plus history of diseases including cardiovascular diseases (yes/no), chronic kidney disease (yes/no), diabetes mellitus (yes/no), chronic bronchitis (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), and Arthritis (yes/no)
Model 5 adjusted Model 4 plus medication including antihypertensives (yes/no) and glucose-lowering drugs (yes/no)
Model 6 adjusted Model 5 plus lifestyle variables including smoking (never, former, and current), and drinking (never, former, mild/moderate, and heavy)
Model 7 adjusted Model 6 plus Framingham Risk Score
Model 8 adjusted Model 7 plus Pooled Cohort Equations
aindicates p-value < 0.001