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. 2024 Feb 23;24:588. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18104-w

Table 2.

Means, standard deviations, and t-test statistics for changes in smoking-related cognitions and coping strategies

Smoking-related cognitions and coping strategies Intervention group (n = 305) Control group (n = 348)
Baseline Post-assessment t(304) p Baseline Post-assessment t(347) p
M SD M SD M SD M SD
Self-efficacy to refrain from smokinga 2.3 0.6 3.4 1.0 -19.14 < .001 2.4 0.6 2.9 0.8 -14.69 < .001
Positive smoking outcome expectanciesa 2.8 0.5 2.3 0.6 12.96 < .001 2.8 0.5 2.5 0.5 9.32 < .001
Avoidance of external cuesa 2.7 0.8 3.5 0.9 -11.60 < .001 2.6 0.9 3.1 0.9 -9.46 < .001
Perceived control over withdrawal symptomsa 3.2 0.9 3.9 1.0 -11.14 < .001 3.3 0.9 3.5 1.0 -3.59 < .001

aR = 1–5