Table 3.
Within and Between Groups, Comparisons of the Secondary Outcome Measures (Prokin System Variables)
| Variables | Study Group (Pilates) (n= 74) (M±SD) | Control group (n= 71) (M±SD) | Effect size | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OE_ Perimeter (mm) | ||||
| Baseline | 410.9±120.64 | 424.87±120.30 | 0.486 | |
| Post treatment | 239.8±76.8 | 308.39±92.12 | 0.123 | <0.001 |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| MD (95% CI) (% of change) | 171.1(179.9–162.2) (41.64%) | 116.48(107.44–125.52) (27.42%) | ||
| CE_ Perimeter (mm) | ||||
| Baseline | 560.25±134.9 | 576.1±132.35 | 0.477 | |
| Post treatment | 348.49±95.76 | 448.91±110.97 | 0.173 | <0.001 |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| MD (95% CI) (% of change) | 211.77(219.68–203.86) (37.80%) | 127.17(119.1–135.24) (22.07%) | ||
| OE_ Ellipse area (mm2) | ||||
| Baseline | 677.68±108.9 | 690.43±112.31 | 0.489 | |
| Post treatment | 498.6±97.4 | 530.5±106.73 | 0.009 | 0.062 |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| MD (95% CI) (% of change) | 179.1(194.78–163.35) (26.43%) | 159.93(143.88–175.98) (23.16%) | ||
| CE_ Ellipse area (mm2) | ||||
| Baseline | 1106.43±146.84 | 1125.79±151.25 | 0.435 | |
| Post treatment | 841.37±141.11 | 938.91±141.36 | 0.068 | <0.001 |
| P value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| MD (95% CI) (% of change) | 265.1(270.1–260.03) (23.96%) | 186.88(181.75–192.02) (16.6%) | ||
Notes: P value*, within group significance level; p value, between groups significance level.
Abbreviations: M±SD, mean ± standard deviation; n, number; CI, Confidence interval; M/F, male/female; OE, open eyes; CE, closed eyes; Sec, seconds; mm, millimeter; mm,2 millimeter square, effect size: partial eta squared of between group comparisons.