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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Immunol. 2023 Jun 19;23(12):842–856. doi: 10.1038/s41577-023-00893-7

Table 2 ∣.

Inhibitory and stimulatory transcription factors and complexes in regulatory T cells

TFs and TF complexes Genes regulated
Inhibitory TFs and complexes
AHR–FOXP3–Aiolos IL2, IFNG, IL17A
BACH2–MAFK PRMD1, GATA3, NFIL3, JUN–AP-1, IRF4, AHR, GZMB
FOXP3–RORγt IL17A
FOXP3–RUNX1–RELA–p50–NFAT IL2, IFNG, IL4, RORC, SATB1
NFIL3 FOXP3, IL2RA
Stimulatory TFs and complexes
BATF IL10, CTLA4, TIGIT, TNFRSF4, TNFRSF9, IL1RL1
BCL11B IL10, FOXP3
BLIMP1–BCL-6–NFAT CXCR5
BLIMP1–FOXP3–IRF4 IL10
Ikaros IL7R, FOXO1
FOXP3 BATF
FOXP3–RORγt–AHR IL10, GPR15
RORγt IL17A
STAT3 IL17A, RORC

During regulatory T cell differentiation, transcriptional interactions result in the transient assembly of both inhibitory and stimulatory transcription factors (TFs) and complexes, which independently or in conjunction with FOXP3, repress or induce the expression of genes involved in the maintenance of hallmark regulatory T cell genes and specialized function within tissues.