FIGURE 1.

Overview of the stimuli and their timing within a standard trial sequence. Each trial commenced with a 100 ms display of one of three cues: no cue, a double cue, or a spatial cue. Following this, there was a cue‐target interval of 0, 400, or 800 ms, after which five arrows were presented for 500 ms as the target stimulus. Participants were required to indicate, through button presses, whether the central arrow pointed to the left or right. In half of the trials, the flanking arrows were congruent, while in the other half, they were incongruent. The time elapsed between the offset of the target and the onset of the subsequent cue was a jittered interval, with a mean duration of 4000 ms across trials and a range of 2000–12,000 ms. The targets appeared at either the cued position (in cases of valid spatial cues) or at an uncued position (in cases of invalid spatial cues). The experiment consisted of a total of 288 trials, organized across four separate runs.