Table 3.
Maternal and labor-related characteristics, and neonatal outcomes of shoulder dystocia cases and controls. Data are percentages (%) unless otherwise specified
| Variable | Shoulder dystocia (n = 537) | Controls (n = 566) | OR/mean differencea (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nulliparous | 44.7 | 39.2 | 1.25 (0.99–1.59) | 0.067 |
| Multiparous | 55.3 | 60.8 | 0.80 (0.63–1.02) | 0.067 |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 15.0 | 9.6 | 1.66 (1.14–2.42) | 0.009 |
| Gestational diabetes | 17.1 | 9.0 | 2.09 (1.45–3.01) | < 0.001 |
| Any diabetes type | 21.6 | 9.2 | 2.72 (1.91–3.87) | < 0.001 |
| Induction of labor | 30.9 | 21.2 | 1.66 (1.27–2.18) | < 0.001 |
| –Nulliparous | 31.7 | 20.3 | 1.82 (1.19–2.79) | 0.006 |
| –Multiparous | 30.3 | 21.8 | 1.56 (1.09–2.23) | 0.015 |
| Erb’s palsy | 48.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA |
| Clavicle fracture | 46.4 | 0.0 | NA | NA |
| Birthweight (g) mean ± SD, (range) | 4190 ± 431 (2692–5778) | 3582 ± 452 (2280–4900) | 609 (557–661)a | < 0.001 |
NA not applicable
All p values were calculated by comparing shoulder dystocia cases to controls
aMean difference