Table 2.

Main findings of the relations between either microbial clusters or phylogenetic diversity in the first 14 years of life and behavioral outcomes at age 14

Age	Cluster or diversity	Crude model			Adjusted model
		Estimate (Std. error)	p	Adjusted p	Estimate (Std. error)	p	Adjusted p	VIF
Internalizing behavior
Infancy	Infancy_2	0.2 (0.1)	0.044	0.102	0.2 (0.1)	0.007	0.021	1.02
Infancy	Phylogenetic diversity	< 0.1 (< 0.1)	0.016	0.030	< 0.1 (< 0.1)	0.002	0.004	1.03
Externalizing behavior
6y	Childhood_2	1.9 (0.7)	0.008	0.023	1.6 (0.7)	0.025	0.060	1.13
12y	Puberty_2	1.9 (0.7)	0.012	0.033	1.7 (0.7)	0.021	0.054	1.06
14y	Puberty_2	1.8 (0.7)	0.012	0.034	1.0 (0.7)	0.190	0.308	1.18
Childhood	Childhood_2	1.7 (0.5)	0.002	0.009	1.4 (0.5)	0.008	0.023	1.07
Puberty	Puberty_2	1.9 (0.5)	< 0.001	0.001	1.3 (0.5)	0.010	0.029	1.08
Social anxiety
3 m	Infancy_2	0.1 (0.1)	0.033	0.078	0.2 (0.1)	0.003	0.012	1.08
14y	Puberty_3	0.2 (0.1)	0.017	0.044	0.2 (0.1)	0.015	0.040	1.17
Puberty	Puberty_3	0.1 (0.1)	0.048	0.107	0.2 (0.1)	0.004	0.012	1.11

Only clusters or phylogenetic diversity with original p < 0.05 in crude GLMs are displayed here. As microbial cluster is a categorical variable, comparisons were implemented between the first cluster and other clusters at the corresponding time point or period. Phylogenetic diversity was used as a numeric variable. In adjusted models, child gender, diet quality, and overnight sleep duration were included for internalizing behavior; overnight sleep duration and alcohol intake were included for externalizing behavior; and child gender, diet quality, overnight sleep duration, and paternal education levels were included for social anxiety. VIF < 3 indicates no multicollinearity in adjusted models