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. 2023 Apr 24;33(3):871–879. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02211-x

Table 2.

Associations between mental health symptoms at 7 years and new-onset wetting at 9 years (imputed data, n = 6408)

Exposure Unadjusted Adjusted for sex and socioeconomic disadvantage Adjusted for sex, socioeconomic disadvantage, and maternal mental health Adjusted for sex, socioeconomic disadvantage, maternal mental health, child developmental level, child mental health and child stressful life events
OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p OR (95% CI) p
Separation anxiety 2.63 (1.79, 3.85)  < 0.001 2.51 (1.70, 3.71)  < 0.001 2.31 (1.55, 3.44)  < 0.001 2.08 (1.39, 3.13)  < 0.001
Phobia 1.13 (0.77, 1.67) 0.537 1.07 (0.72, 1.58) 0.750 1.02 (0.68, 1.51) 0.936 0.90 (0.60, 1.35) 0.617
Social anxiety 1.96 (1.24, 3.11) 0.004 1.83 (1.15, 2.92) 0.011 1.69 (1.06, 2.72) 0.029 1.47 (0.90, 2.38) 0.121
PTSD 1.19 (0.56, 2.52) 0.649 1.01 (0.47, 2.18) 0.976 0.91 (0.42, 1.98) 0.819 0.77 (0.35, 1.70) 0.516
OCD 0.94 (0.56, 1.56) 0.797 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) 0.527 0.80 (0.48, 1.34) 0.393 0.66 (0.39, 1.13) 0.132
GAD 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) 0.377 1.16 (0.74, 1.81) 0.528 1.06 (0.67, 1.67) 0.799 0.92 (0.58, 1.47) 0.731
Depression 1.41 (0.98, 2.05) 0.066 1.32 (0.90, 1.92) 0.151 1.23 (0.84, 1.81) 0.279 1.12 (0.76, 1.65) 0.580
ADHD 1.65 (1.18, 2.30) 0.003 1.49 (1.06, 2.10) 0.022 1.40 (0.99, 1.98) 0.061 1.05 (0.71, 1.54) 0.822
ODD 2.21 (1.43, 3.42)  < 0.001 1.94 (1.24, 3.04) 0.004 1.82 (1.15, 2.86) 0.010 1.35 (0.82, 2.21) 0.237
Conduct disorder 1.26 (0.75, 2.13) 0.376 1.11 (0.65, 1.89) 0.702 1.03 (0.60, 1.76) 0.924 0.81 (0.47, 1.41) 0.454

PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD obsessive–compulsive disorder, GAD generalised anxiety disorder, ADHD attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, ODD oppositional defiant disorder