Table 2.

Associations of individual early morning patterns with global white matter microstructure indicators

		GLOBAL FA		GLOBAL MD		GLOBAL RD		GLOBAL AD
	N	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P
Active commuting to school
No	44	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Yes	45	0.213 (− 0.003, 0.430)	0.054	− 0.165 (− 0.355, 0.047)	0.123	− 0.196 (− 0.392, 0.016)	0.071	− 0.061 (− 0.265, 0.143)	0.570
Physical activity before school
No	59	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Yes	30	0.140 (− 0.071, 0.351)	0.191	− 0.132 (− 0.308, 0.066)	0.201	− 0.146 (− 0.333, 0.062)	0.164	− 0.072 (− 0.311, 0.144)	0.488
Having breakfast
No	10	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Yes	65	− 0.094 (− 0.325, 0.137)	0.421	0.103 (− 0.137, 0.342)	0.376	0.101 (− 0.130, 0.317)	0.384	0.081 (− 0.163, 0.342)	0.490
Good sleep†
No	24	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
Yes	61	0.046 (− 0.172, 0.264)	0.677	− 0.015 (− 0.218, 0.196)	0.885	− 0.029 (− 0.343, 0.257)	0.791	0.014 − 0.193, 0.232)	0.892

β values are standardized regression coefficients. Analyses were adjusted for sex, peak height velocity (year) and parent education university level (neither/one/both)

FA Fractional anisotropy, MD mean diffusivity, RD Radial diffusivity, AD Axial diffusivity, Ref. reference

^†Good sleep was calculated as those meeting the sleep recommendation (9–11 h) and reported not sleep problems