Table 3. Comparison of patient characteristics and surgical outcomes between two surgeons performing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using the hinotoriTM surgical robot system.
| Variables | Overall | Earlier group | Later group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgeon 1 | ||||
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 67.5 [60.0–73.3] | 67 [60–73] | 68 [61–74] | 0.68 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 24.4 [22.7–26.3] | 25.5 [22.7–27.6] | 24.0 [22.6–24.9] | 0.17 |
| Initial PSA (ng/mL), median [IQR] | 7.5 [5.3–11.2] | 7.24 [5.44–10.3] | 7.70 [4.71–15.0] | 0.83 |
| Prostate volume (mL), median [IQR] | 30.1 [24.4–38.4] | 29.2 [22.0–37.6] | 30.9 [24.7–39.7] | 0.67 |
| Clinical T stage (T1/T2/T3), n | 11/15/4 | 6/8/1 | 5/7/3 | 0.77 |
| Biopsy Gleason grade group (1/2/3/4/5), n | 0/3/12/13/2 | 0/2/6/6/1 | 0/1/6/7/1 | >0.99 |
| Cockpit time (min), median [IQR] | 173 [160–200] | 192 [170–210] | 162 [150–190] | 0.02 |
| Nerve-spare (unilateral/bilateral/not performed), n | 13/1/16 | 6/0/9 | 7/1/7 | 0.72 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL), median [IQR] | 20 [10–35] | 20 [9–30] | 20 [10–50] | 0.35 |
| Positive surgical margin status, n (%) | 9 (30.0) | 5 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | >0.99 |
| Any grade complications, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (20.0) | >0.99 |
| Surgeon 2 | ||||
| Age (years), median [IQR] | 68 [65–73] | 71 [66–74] | 67 [60.5–69.5] | 0.11 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median [IQR] | 23.0 [21.3–25.0] | 22.9 [21.0–25.0] | 23.0 [21.5–25.6] | 0.86 |
| Initial PSA (ng/mL), median [IQR] | 7.18 [5.28–10.5] | 5.65 [5.03–7.69] | 8.99 [6.31–12.6] | 0.25 |
| Prostate volume (mL), median [IQR] | 33.9 [27.5–47.9] | 30.0 [27.5–51.5] | 37.0 [27.0–44.7] | 0.96 |
| Clinical T stage (T1/T2/T3), n | 8/18/1 | 3/11/1 | 5/7/0 | 0.40 |
| Biopsy Gleason grade group (1/2/3/4/5), n | 3/8/7/7/2 | 1/4/4/4/2 | 2/4/3/3/0 | 0.83 |
| Cockpit time (min), median [IQR] | 120 [104–126] | 120 [104–128] | 121 [108–126] | 0.92 |
| Nerve-spare (unilateral/bilateral/not performed), n | 1/0/26 | 0/0/15 | 1/0/11 | 0.44 |
| Estimated blood loss (mL), median [IQR] | 10 [5–20] | 10 [5–20] | 12.5 [5–41] | 0.58 |
| Positive surgical margin status, n (%) | 11 (40.7) | 4 (26.7) | 7 (58.3) | 0.13 |
| Any grade complications, n (%) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (26.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0.66 |
IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.