Table 1.
Demographic, obstetric and clinical characteristics of women with single source of pregnancy-related infection, by source of infection (n = 1,456)
| Characteristics | Urinary tract infection (n = 531) |
Chorioamnionitis (n = 314) |
Endometritis (n = 256) |
Skin and soft tissue infection after caesarean section (n = 180) |
Abortion-related uterine infection (n = 175) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age (years) (n = 1455) | 0.004 | |||||
| < 19 | 64 (12.0%) | 27 (8.6%) | 26 (10.2%) | 8 (4.4%) | 15 (8.6%) | |
| 19–35 | 414 (78.0%) | 249 (79.3%) | 190 (74.2%) | 145 (80.6%) | 125 (71.4%) | |
| > 35 | 53 (10.0%) | 38 (12.1%) | 40 (15.6%) | 27 (15.0%) | 35 (20.0%) | |
| Living with partner (yes -n = 1456) | 430 (81.0%) | 268 (85.4%) | 222 (86.7%) | 154 (85.6%) | 117 (66.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Schooling (years) (n = 1094) | 0.002 | |||||
| ≤ 11 | 195 (45.7%) | 109 (44.5%) | 67 (36.0%) | 52 (40.6%) | 65 (60.2%) | |
| > 11 | 232 (54.3%) | 136 (55.5%) | 119 (64.0%) | 76 (59.4%) | 43 (39.8%) | |
| Country income level (n = 1456) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Low-income | 32 (6.0%) | 44 (14.0%) | 62 (24.2%) | 57 (31.7%) | 37 (21.1%) | |
| Lower-middle-income | 197 (37.1%) | 159 (50.6%) | 110 (43.0%) | 80 (44.4%) | 99 (56.6%) | |
| Upper-middle-income | 242 (45.6%) | 60 (19.1%) | 37 (14.4%) | 25 (13.9%) | 29 (16.6%) | |
| High-income | 60 (11.3%) | 51 (16.2%) | 47 (18.4%) | 18 (10.0%) | 10 (5.7%) | |
| Number of previous births (n = 1444) | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0–1 | 376 (71.4%) | 231 (74.0%) | 176 (69.8%) | 131 (73.2%) | 94 (54.0%) | |
| > 1 | 151 (28.6%) | 81 (26.0%) | 76 (30.2%) | 48 (26.8%) | 80 (46.0%) | |
| Location at the time of infection suspected or confirmed (n = 1456) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Arriving from home | 314 (59.1%) | 132 (42.2%) | 103 (40.4%) | 108 (60.3%) | 104 (59.4%) | |
| Transferred from another facility | 55 (10.4%) | 54 (17.2%) | 36 (14.1%) | 11 (6.2%) | 32 (18.3%) | |
| Already hospitalised | 162 (30.5%) | 127 (40.6%) | 116 (45.5%) | 60 (33.5%) | 39 (22.3%) | |
| Severity of infection (n = 1456) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Less severe | 447 (84.2%) | 225 (71.6%) | 148 (57.8%) | 57 (31.7%) | 33 (18.9%) | |
| Infection with complicationa | 51 (9.6) | 62 (19.8) | 62 (24.2) | 109 (60.6) | 105 (60.0) | |
| Infection-related severe maternal outcomeb | 33 (6.2) | 27 (8.6) | 46 (18) | 14 (7.8) | 37 (21.1) | |
| Admission to intensive or high dependency care (yes, n = 1336) | 56 (11.3%) | 34 (12.4%) | 31 (13.8%) | 16 (9.6%) | 14 (8.1%) | 0.404 |
| Median length of stay in intensive care unit, days (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–10) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (2–5) | |
| Median length of stay in health facility, days (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 7 (5–11) | 11 (6–17) | 4 (3–7) | |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR: inter-quartile range); Country income according to 2018 World Bank classification
aIncludes women who had an invasive procedure to treat the source of infection (vacuum aspiration, dilatation and curettage, wound debridement, drainage [incision, percutaneous, culdotomy], laparotomy and lavage, other surgery), admission to intensive care or high dependency unit, or transfer to another facility
bInfection-related maternal death or near-miss. Geographical areas in six western European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, the UK) did not collect data for WHO near-miss criteria