Table S2. The basic information of low temperature and cold wave definitions in Jinan City from 2014 to 2022 (November to March).

Definitions	T. (℃)	Duration (d)	Frequency (times)	Days (d)
Abbreviation: T.=temperature. * Represents the threshold of significant low temperature for all pathogen, viral, bacterial and other infectious pneumonia, based on exposure-response relationship curve.
Low temperature*	≤5	≥2	51	915
	≤−2	≥2	67	311
	≤−4	≥2	45	144
Cold wave	≤−5	≥2	29	97
	≤−7	≥2	14	41
	≤−10	≥2	4	13