Table 6.
Incidence rate and hazard ratio of clinical sequelae in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohort after weighting during 181–270 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection
| 181–270 days | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (REF) | COVID-19 | |||||||||||||
| Unvaccinated | Incomplete vaccination | Fully vaccinated | Received booster dose | |||||||||||
| Clinical sequelae | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio |
| Major CVD | 3462 | 5.79 (5.60, 5.99) | 4973 | 8.28 (8.05, 8.51) | 1.43 (1.23, 1.66) | 4720 | 7.54 (7.33, 7.76) | 1.30 (1.12, 1.52) | 3574 | 5.77 (5.58, 5.96) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) | 2529 | 4.82 (4.64, 5.01) | 0.83 (0.71, 0.98) |
| Stroke | 1927 | 3.09 (2.96, 3.23) | 2865 | 4.57 (4.41, 4.74) | 1.48 (1.22, 1.80) | 2277 | 3.49 (3.35, 3.64) | 1.13 (0.91, 1.40) | 1935 | 3.00 (2.87, 3.14) | 0.97 (0.84, 1.12) | 1311 | 2.39 (2.26, 2.52) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) |
| Myocardial infarction | 826 | 1.29 (1.20, 1.37) | 893 | 1.36 (1.28, 1.45) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.44) | 1223 | 1.81 (1.71, 1.91) | 1.40 (1.04, 1.89) | 695 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.12) | 0.81 (0.64, 1.04) | 1108 | 1.96 (1.84, 2.08) | 1.54 (0.60, 3.91) |
| Heart Failure | 769 | 1.20 (1.12, 1.29) | 1889 | 2.90 (2.77, 3.04) | 2.42 (1.94, 3.02) | 1501 | 2.23 (2.12, 2.34) | 1.86 (1.44, 2.40) | 818 | 1.23 (1.15, 1.32) | 1.03 (0.81, 1.31) | 684 | 1.21 (1.12, 1.30) | 1.01 (0.51, 2.00) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 544 | 0.85 (0.79, 0.93) | 969 | 1.50 (1.41, 1.60) | 1.76 (1.29, 2.40) | 748 | 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) | 1.31 (0.91, 1.90) | 788 | 1.20 (1.11, 1.28) | 1.40 (1.11, 1.78) | 383 | 0.68 (0.62, 0.75) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.23) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 1462 | 2.35 (2.23, 2.47) | 1706 | 2.68 (2.55, 2.81) | 1.14 (0.90, 1.44) | 2019 | 3.08 (2.94, 3.21) | 1.31 (1.04, 1.65) | 1601 | 2.48 (2.36, 2.61) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.24) | 1110 | 2.03 (1.92, 2.15) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 114 | 0.18 (0.15, 0.21) | 118 | 0.18 (0.15, 0.21) | 1.02 (0.51, 2.05) | 86 | 0.13 (0.10, 0.16) | 0.72 (0.30, 1.73) | 137 | 0.20 (0.17, 0.24) | 1.16 (0.68, 1.99) | 49 | 0.09 (0.06, 0.11) | 0.48 (0.17, 1.34) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 984 | 1.52 (1.43, 1.62) | 1761 | 2.67 (2.54, 2.79) | 1.76 (1.41,2.19) | 1155 | 1.70 (1.60, 1.80) | 1.12 (0.85, 1.47) | 645 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.64 (0.48, 0.83) | 471 | 0.82 (0.75, 0.90) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.92) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 361 | 0.57 (0.51, 0.63) | 822 | 1.28 (1.19, 1.37) | 2.25 (1.56, 3.23) | 635 | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 1.68 (1.11, 2.53) | 382 | 0.58 (0.53, 0.64) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 195 | 0.35 (0.30, 0.40) | 0.62 (0.38, 1.02) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 562 | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | 859 | 1.31 (1.23, 1.40) | 1.50 (1.06, 2.13) | 582 | 0.86 (0.79, 0.93) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.49) | 493 | 0.74 (0.68, 0.81) | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) | 469 | 0.83 (0.76, 0.91) | 0.96 (0.45, 2.06) |
| Seizure | 320 | 0.50 (0.45, 0.55) | 1036 | 1.59 (1.50, 1.69) | 3.21 (2.27, 4.53) | 781 | 1.16 (1.08, 1.24) | 2.33 (1.54, 3.53) | 268 | 0.40 (0.36, 0.45) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) | 213 | 0.38 (0.33, 0.43) | 0.75 (0.25, 2.24) |
| End-stage renal disease | 52 | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) | 98 | 0.15 (0.12, 0.18) | 1.83 (0.74, 4.51) | 109 | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 1.98 (0.88, 4.44) | 91 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) | 1.68 (0.84, 3.38) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Acute kidney injury | 302 | 0.47 (0.42, 0.52) | 452 | 0.69 (0.63, 0.75) | 1.47 (0.97, 2.22) | 351 | 0.52 (0.47, 0.58) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.84) | 272 | 0.41 (0.36, 0.46) | 0.87 (0.57, 1.33) | 99 | 0.17 (0.14, 0.21) | 0.37 (0.17, 0.81) |
| Pancreatitis | 173 | 0.27 (0.23, 0.31) | 296 | 0.45 (0.40, 0.50) | 1.68 (0.91, 3.10) | 163 | 0.24 (0.21, 0.28) | 0.90 (0.37, 2.18) | 148 | 0.22 (0.19, 0.26) | 0.83 (0.51, 1.35) | 83 | 0.14 (0.12, 0.18) | 0.53 (0.24, 1.17) |
| All-cause mortality | 8058 | 12.45 (12.18, 12.72) | 16,197 | 24.53 (24.15, 24.91) | 1.97 (1.83, 2.13) | 9673 | 14.20 (13.92, 14.48) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.26) | 5597 | 8.36 (8.14, 8.58) | 0.67 (0.61, 0.74) | 7931 | 13.89 (13.59, 14.20) | 1.11 (0.76, 1.63) |
CI confidence interval, REF reference group, Major CVD major cardiovascular disease, Composite outcome of stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease.
Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression, HR > 1 (or <1) indicates patients with COVID-19 had a higher (lower) risk of sequelae compared to the non-COVID-19 control cohort.
Unvaccinated, incomplete vaccinated, fully vaccinated and received booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines refers to patients who have received 0 dose, 1 doses, 2 doses and ≥3 doses of BioNtech or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines, respectively.