Table 7.
Incidence rate and hazard ratio of clinical sequelae in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohort after weighting during 271–365 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection
| 271–365 days | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (REF) | COVID-19 | |||||||||||||
| Unvaccinated | Incomplete vaccination | Fully vaccinated | Received booster dose | |||||||||||
| Clinical sequelae | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio | Event | Incidence per 1000 person-years | Hazard ratio |
| Major CVD | 2090 | 6.02 (5.77, 6.29) | 2405 | 6.59 (6.33, 6.86) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.42) | 2370 | 7.13 (6.85, 7.42) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.45) | 1833 | 5.36 (5.12, 5.61) | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 1642 | 4.88 (4.65, 5.12) | 0.80 (0.59,1.07) |
| Stroke | 1099 | 3.04 (2.86, 3.22) | 1180 | 3.12 (2.94, 3.30) | 1.07 (0.80, 1.43) | 934 | 2.70 (2.53, 2.88) | 0.88 (0.63, 1.23) | 973 | 2.74 (2.57, 2.91) | 0.90 (0.74, 1.09) | 1014 | 2.86 (2.69, 3.04) | 0.93 (0.59,1.45) |
| Myocardial infarction | 509 | 1.37 (1.25, 1.49) | 482 | 1.22 (1.12, 1.34) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.46) | 656 | 1.83 (1.70, 1.98) | 1.32 (0.89,1.98) | 463 | 1.27 (1.16, 1.39) | 0.92 (0.68, 1.25) | 245 | 0.67 (0.59, 0.75) | 0.48 (0.30,0.77) |
| Heart Failure | 573 | 1.54 (1.42, 1.68) | 1070 | 2.73 (2.57, 2.90) | 1.90 (1.44, 2.52) | 946 | 2.65 (2.49, 2.83) | 1.70 (1.25, 2.30) | 659 | 1.81 (1.67, 1.95) | 1.16 (0.89, 1.52) | 395 | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 0.69 (0.33,1.45) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 305 | 0.83 (0.74, 0.92) | 504 | 1.30 (1.19, 1.41) | 1.64 (1.05, 2.57) | 413 | 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) | 1.41 (0.86, 2.31) | 321 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) | 1.07 (0.75, 1.52) | 565 | 1.55 (1.43, 1.68) | 1.86 (0.64,5.37) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 864 | 2.40 (2.24, 2.56) | 783 | 2.04 (1.90, 2.19) | 0.89 (0.63, 1.26) | 1004 | 2.89 (2.72, 3.07) | 1.20 (0.86, 1.67) | 684 | 1.93 (1.79, 2.08) | 0.80 (0.63, 1.01) | 651 | 1.85 (1.71, 1.99) | 0.76 (0.51,1.14) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 56 | 0.15 (0.12,0.19) | 140 | 0.35 (0.30, 0.42) | 2.50 (1.08, 5.76) | 31 | 0.09 (0.06, 0.12) | 0.56 (0.14, 2.31) | 30 | 0.08 (0.06, 0.11) | 0.54 (0.19, 1.53) | 28 | 0.08 (0.05, 0.11) | 0.49 (0.12,2.04) |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 95 | 0.25 (0.21, 0.31) | 194 | 0.49 (0.43, 0.56) | 1.77 (0.85, 3.69) | 52 | 0.14 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.59 (0.18, 1.90) | 8 | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.59) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 287 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.87) | 385 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 1.37 (0.81, 2.31) | 470 | 1.33 (1.22, 1.46) | 1.69 (1.03, 2.77) | 345 | 0.95 (0.86, 1.06) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.75) | 109 | 0.30 (0.25, 0.36) | 0.38 (0.19,0.75) |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 278 | 0.75 (0.66, 0.84) | 361 | 0.92 (0.83, 1.01) | 1.32 (0.77, 2.26) | 499 | 1.39 (1.27, 1.52) | 1.83 (1.19, 2.83) | 305 | 0.83 (0.74, 0.93) | 1.11 (0.75, 1.63) | 596 | 1.63 (1.50, 1.76) | 2.12 (0.61,7.41) |
| Seizure | 180 | 0.48 (0.42, 0.56) | 268 | 0.69 (0.61, 0.77) | 1.51 (0.83, 2.76) | 316 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.99) | 1.81 (0.99, 3.30) | 143 | 0.39 (0.33, 0.46) | 0.80 (0.51, 1.27) | 126 | 0.34 (0.28, 0.40) | 0.69 (0.19,2.55) |
| End-stage renal disease | 41 | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) | 162 | 0.41 (0.35, 0.48) | 4.12 (1.73, 9.80) | 56 | 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) | 1.41 (0.42, 4.79) | 4 | 0.01 (0.00, 0.03) | 0.11 (0.01, 0.81) | 58 | 0.16 (0.12, 0.20) | 1.38 (0.19,10.30) |
| Acute kidney injury | 150 | 0.40 (0.34, 0.47) | 179 | 0.45 (0.39, 0.52) | 1.21 (0.64, 2.29) | 93 | 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) | 0.63 (0.25, 1.60) | 96 | 0.26 (0.21, 0.32) | 0.65 (0.34, 1.22) | 419 | 1.14 (1.03, 1.25) | 2.70 (0.49,14.84) |
| Pancreatitis | 79 | 0.21 (0.17, 0.26) | 190 | 0.48 (0.42, 0.55) | 2.46 (1.12, 5.39) | 118 | 0.33 (0.27, 0.39) | 1.53 (0.55, 4.25) | 34 | 0.09 (0.07, 0.13) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.11) | 20 | 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) | 0.24 (0.03,1.75) |
| All-cause mortality | 4615 | 12.32 (11.97, 12.68) | 9718 | 24.52 (24.04, 25.01) | 2.12 (1.92, 2.33) | 4411 | 12.25 (11.89, 12.61) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.13) | 3398 | 9.22 (8.92, 9.54) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.84) | 1440 | 3.88 (3.68, 4.09) | 0.31 (0.20,0.47) |
CI confidence interval, REF reference group, Major CVD major cardiovascular disease, Composite outcome of stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease.
Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression, HR > 1 (or <1) indicates patients with COVID-19 had a higher (lower) risk of sequelae compared to the non-COVID-19 control cohort.
Unvaccinated, incomplete vaccinated, fully vaccinated and received booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines refers to patients who have received 0 dose, 1 doses, 2 doses and ≥3 doses of BioNtech or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines, respectively.