Table 6. Performance of 4DE TV characteristics, TR velocity and echocardiographic sPAP for detecting severe PH in high-quality image cases and in all cases.
| Parameters | AUC | 95% CI | P value | Cutoff | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Youden index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-quality image cases (51) | |||||||
| Annulus area 3D (cm2) | 0.667 | 0.510–0.823 | 0.05 | 12.95 | 56 | 79.2 | 0.352 |
| Annulus area 2D (cm2) | 0.667 | 0.510–0.823 | 0.05 | 12.75 | 56 | 79.2 | 0.352 |
| Annulus area change (%) | 0.535 | 0.369–0.701 | 0.67 | 13.65 | 72 | 45.8 | 0.178 |
| Annulus perimeter (cm) | 0.669 | 0.153–0.825 | 0.04 | 12.9 | 56 | 79.2 | 0.352 |
| 4Ch diameter (cm) | 0.708 | 0.559–0.856 | 0.01 | 4.15 | 60 | 83.3 | 0.433 |
| 4Ch diastolic diameter (cm) | 0.742 | 0.598–0.885 | 0.004 | 4.45 | 56 | 83.3 | 0.393 |
| 2Ch diameter (cm) | 0.581 | 0.416–0.746 | 0.33 | 3.45 | 84 | 45.8 | 0.298 |
| Major axis (cm) | 0.580 | 0.416–0.744 | 0.34 | 3.85 | 88 | 37.5 | 0.255 |
| Major diastolic axis (cm) | 0.588 | 0.423–0.752 | 0.29 | 4.45 | 64 | 58.3 | 0.223 |
| Minor axis (cm) | 0.697 | 0.548–0.846 | 0.02 | 3.35 | 84 | 54.2 | 0.382 |
| Sphericity index (%) | 0.592 | 0.429–0.754 | 0.27 | 84.5 | 60 | 62.5 | 0.225 |
| Excursion (mm) | 0.232 | 0.092–0.373 | 0.001 | 5.50 | 92 | 8.3 | 0.003 |
| Coaptation point height (mm) | 0.822 | 0.696–0.947 | <0.001 | 9.50 | 88 | 70.8 | 0.588 |
| MTH (mm) | 0.857 | 0.743–0.972 | <0.001 | 8.50 | 96 | 66.7 | 0.627 |
| Tenting volume (mL) | 0.802 | 0.674–0.929 | <0.001 | 3.95 | 64 | 87.5 | 0.515 |
| TR velocity | 0.830 | 0.712–0.948 | <0.001 | 3.3 | 96 | 62.5 | 0.585 |
| Echocardiographic sPAP | 0.847 | 0.733–0.961 | <0.001 | 77.98 | 72 | 87.5 | 0.595 |
| All cases (74) | |||||||
| Annulus area 3D (cm2) | 0.596 | 0.473–0.720 | 0.13 | 12.95 | 44.2 | 77.1 | 0.214 |
| Annulus area 2D (cm2) | 0.594 | 0.470–0.718 | 0.14 | 9.75 | 80.8 | 40.0 | 0.208 |
| Annulus area change (%) | 0.551 | 0.424–0.678 | 0.42 | 13.55 | 67.3 | 48.6 | 0.159 |
| Annulus perimeter (cm) | 0.594 | 0.470–0.718 | 0.14 | 11.45 | 78.8 | 42.9 | 0.217 |
| 4Ch diameter (cm) | 0.614 | 0.494–0.734 | 0.07 | 3.45 | 82.7 | 40.0 | 0.227 |
| 4Ch diastolic diameter (cm) | 0.614 | 0.495–0.734 | 0.07 | 4.55 | 30.8 | 91.4 | 0.222 |
| 2Ch diameter (cm) | 0.555 | 0.426–0.683 | 0.39 | 3.45 | 71.2 | 48.6 | 0.197 |
| Major axis (cm) | 0.538 | 0.411–0.664 | 0.55 | 3.85 | 75.0 | 40.0 | 0.150 |
| Major diastolic axis (cm) | 0.529 | 0.404–0.654 | 0.64 | 4.45 | 48.1 | 60.0 | 0.081 |
| Minor axis (cm) | 0.614 | 0.491–0.737 | 0.07 | 3.35 | 73.1 | 54.3 | 0.274 |
| Sphericity index (%) | 0.572 | 0.447–0.696 | 0.26 | 84.5 | 57.7 | 60.0 | 0.177 |
| Excursion (mm) | 0.268 | 0.158–0.378 | <0.001 | 9.50 | 23.1 | 37.1 | −0.398 |
| Coaptation point height (mm) | 0.662 | 0.539–0.785 | 0.01 | 7.50 | 94.2 | 37.1 | 0.314 |
| MTH (mm) | 0.686 | 0.565–0.806 | 0.003 | 7.50 | 86.5 | 48.6 | 0.351 |
| Tenting volume (mL) | 0.663 | 0.547–0.780 | 0.01 | 2.50 | 82.7 | 45.7 | 0.284 |
| TR velocity | 0.832 | 0.745–0.919 | <0.001 | 4.49 | 55.8 | 97.1 | 0.529 |
| Echocardiographic sPAP | 0.837 | 0.750–9.923 | <0.001 | 74.00 | 76.9 | 74.3 | 0.512 |
4DE, 4-dimensional echocardiography; TV, tricuspid valve; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; 3D, 3-dimensional; 2D, 2-dimensional; 4Ch diameter, 4-chamber diameter; 2Ch diameter, 2-chamber diameter; MTH, maximal tenting height.