Table 1.
Patient characteristics and number of telehealth/in-person visits during the stay-at-home order period among individuals with heart disease.
| All (n = 70 041) (100%) | Telehealth = no (n = 48 443) (69.2%) | Telehealth = yes (n = 21 598) (30.8%) | P a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.8 (9.1) | 54.9 (9.2) | 54.8 (8.9) | .28 |
| Age groups, n (%) | ||||
| 18–34 y | 2942 (4.20%) | 2083 (4.30%) | 859 (3.98%) | .049 |
| 35–44 y | 4579 (6.54%) | 3089 (6.38%) | 1490 (6.90%) | .010 |
| 45–54 y | 17 579 (25.10%) | 11 967 (24.70%) | 5612 (25.98%) | <.001 |
| 55–64 y | 44 941 (64.16%) | 31 304 (64.62%) | 13 637 (63.14%) | <.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 28 237 (40.31%) | 18 302 (37.78%) | 9935 (46.00%) | <.001 |
| Urban residency, n (%) | 59 428 (84.85%) | 40 380 (83.36%) | 19 048 (88.19%) | <.001 |
| Census region, n (%) | ||||
| Northeast | 9846 (14.06%) | 5818 (12.01%) | 4028 (18.65%) | <.001 |
| Midwest | 13 629 (19.46%) | 9896 (20.43%) | 3733 (17.28%) | <.001 |
| South | 35 597 (50.82%) | 25 388 (52.41%) | 10 209 (47.27%) | <.001 |
| West | 6694 (9.56%) | 4448 (9.18%) | 2246 (10.40%) | <.001 |
| COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Stay-at-home order period: March 1, 2020–June 30, 2020 | 601 (0.86%) | 262 (0.54%) | 339 (1.57%) | <.001 |
| July 1, 2020–June 30, 2021 | 6412 (9.15%) | 4214 (8.70%) | 2198 (10.18%) | <.001 |
| July 1, 2021–June 30, 2022 | 10 114 (14.44%) | 6563 (13.55%) | 3551 (16.44%) | <.001 |
| Number of telehealth/in-person visits during stay-at-home order, mean (SD) | ||||
| Telehealth visits | 0.6 (1.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 2.0 (2.4) | <.001 |
| In-person visits | 4.1 (6.4) | 3.4 (5.4) | 5.7 (8.0) | <.001 |
| HD-related telehealth visits | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.6) | <.001 |
| HD-related in-person visits | 0.5 (1.6) | 0.5 (1.5) | 0.7 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Charlson comorbidities,b n (%) | ||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3173 (4.53%) | 1894 (3.91%) | 1279 (5.92%) | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 589 (0.84%) | 318 (0.66%) | 271 (1.25%) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 31 (0.04%) | 23 (0.05%) | 8 (0.04%) | .54 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 5176 (7.39%) | 2835 (5.85%) | 2341 (10.84%) | <.001 |
| Rheumatic disease | 1498 (2.14%) | 630 (1.30%) | 868 (4.02%) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 206 (0.29%) | 106 (0.22%) | 100 (0.46%) | <.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 1338 (1.91%) | 709 (1.46%) | 629 (2.91%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes without chronic complication | 12 651 (18.06%) | 7774 (16.05%) | 4877 (22.58%) | <.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complication | 3934 (5.62%) | 2162 (4.46%) | 1772 (8.20%) | <.001 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 273 (0.39%) | 117 (0.24%) | 156 (0.72%) | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 2669 (3.81%) | 1373 (2.83%) | 1296 (6.00%) | <.001 |
| Any malignancyc | 3027 (4.32%) | 1722 (3.55%) | 1305 (6.04%) | <.001 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 157 (0.22%) | 69 (0.14%) | 88 (0.41%) | <.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 346 (0.49%) | 182 (0.38%) | 164 (0.76%) | <.001 |
| AIDS/HIV | 158 (0.23%) | 83 (0.17%) | 75 (0.35%) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: HD, heart disease.
aThe Wilcoxon nonparametric rank-sum test was used to compare differences in means for continuous variables, and the Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare differences in proportions for categorical variables by telehealth use status during the stay-at-home order period.
bComorbidities were identified from March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020. Myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure were excluded as comorbidities because they are included in our definition for HD.
cIncludes lymphoma and leukemia, except for malignant neoplasm of skin.