Table 1.
Distribution of participant characteristics and noise exposures according to neighborhood socioeconomic status (N = 573).
| n, (%) | Participants living in low nSES (n = 284) | Participants living in high nSES (n = 289) | p-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Female | 160 (56.3) | 158 (54.7) | 0.7 |
| Agea | 57.5 (11.1) | 59.9 (10.9) | 0.009 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 155 (54.6) | 84 (29.1) | <.0001 |
| Income | <.0001 | ||
| $30k or less | 115 (40.5) | 45 (15.6) | |
| $30k to $55k | 84 (29.6) | 50 (17.3) | |
| $55k+ | 85 (29.9) | 194 (67.1) | |
| Cardiometabolic health | |||
| HOMA-IRb | 2.23 (1.40–4.25) | 1.84 (1.15–3.21) | <.0001 |
| T2DM (blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL) | 32 (11.3) | 17 (5.9) | 0.02 |
| T2DM (self-reported or medication) | 47 (16.5) | 32 (11.1) | 0.06 |
| Environmental exposuresb | |||
| NO2 (μg/m3) | 10.7 (9.7–11.5) | 11.1 (10.0–11.7) | 0.006 |
| Road noise | |||
| Static exposure dB(A) | |||
| Census tract | 53.7 (52.6–55.7) | 53.1 (52.3–56.0) | 0.02 |
| Buffer | 55.1 (53.6–55.6) | 54.6 (52.7–55.6) | 0.001 |
| Dynamic exposure (N = 568) | |||
| KDE | 0.15 (0.09–0.22) | 0.12 (0.08–0.19) | 0.02 |
| Aircraft noise | |||
| Static exposure dB(A) | |||
| Census Tract (n = 235)d | 48.2 (46.5–51.0) | 46.4 (45.5–47.8) | <.0001 |
| Buffer (n = 316)d | 48.1 (46.4–50.4) | 46.5 (45.8–48.3) | <.0001 |
| Dynamic exposure (N = 570) | |||
| KDE | 0.13 (0.06–0.38) | 0.08 (0.04–0.23) | <.0001 |
nSES: Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
a
mean (SD).
b
median (interquartile range).
c
Student or Wilcoxon test for quantitative variable. Chi-square for qualitative variable.
d
Noise exposure level among participants exposed to aircraft noise in their census tract or buffer around their home.