Table 3. Predictors of HIV testing behaviors among men recruited from bars in northern Tanzania (2018–2019).

Variables	Predictors of previous testing		Predictors of HIV test uptake
	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR (95% CI)	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR (95% CI)
Demographic factors
Age in years	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)
Marital status
Married, divorced, or widowed	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Never married	0.88 (0.73–1.07)	0.86 (0.71–1.05)	1.04 (0.97–1.13)	1.02 (0.92–1.12)
Wealth score
Bottom quartile	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Lower middle quartile	1.07 (0.85–1.35)	1.06 (0.84–1.32)	0.94 (0.86–1.04)	0.96 (0.87–1.05)
Upper middle quartile	1.29 (1.05–1.57)*	1.25 (1.03–1.52)*	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	1.01 (0.94–1.10)
Top quartile	1.41 (1.17–1.70)*	1.35 (1.12–1.62)*	0.88 (0.89–0.98)*	0.92 (0.83–1.02)
Risk behaviors
AUDIT score
Low-risk use	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
High-risk use	1.04 (0.91–1.18)	1.03 (0.90–1.17)	1.05 (0.97–1.13)	1.04 (0.97–1.12)
Concurrent sexual partners	1.17 (1.01–1.37)*	1.17 (0.99–1.37)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	1.06 (0.96–1.16)
Knowledge and psychosocial factors
GEM scale	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	1.00 (0.99–1.37)	0.99 (0.98–0.99)*	0.99 (0.98–0.99)*
HIV knowledge score	1.05 (1.02–1.08)*	1.04 (1.01–1.07)*	0.99 (0.80–1.15)	0.99 (0.99–1.01)
Stigma score
No stigma	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Any stigma	0.94 (0.83–1.07)	0.99 (0.88–1.14)	1.01 (0.94–1.08)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)
HIV testing behaviors
HIV testing history
Last HIV test ≤ 12 months	-	-	Reference	Reference
Last HIV test > 12 months	-	-	1.19 (1.06–1.33)*	1.18 (1.06–1.31)
Never testers	-	-	1.18 (1.05–1.33)*	1.16 (1.03–1.31)*

Abbreviations: PR, prevalence ratio; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; GEM, Gender Equitable Men

*P < 0.05