Table 1. Baseline characteristics of PETER PAIN study participants: People with HIV, chronic pain, and heavy alcohol use (n = 45).
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 45) | Gabapentin (n = 15) | Naltrexone (n = 15) | Placebo (n = 15) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), years | 41 (7) | 41 (7) | 40 (6) | 41 (7) |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (64.4%) | 10 (66.7%) | 9 (60.0%) | 10 (66.7%) |
| Education (9 grades or more), n (%) | 45 (100.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | 15 (100.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Married/living with partner/in long-term relationship, n (%) | 22 (48.9%) | 11 (73.3%) | 5 (33.3%) | 6 (40.0%) |
| Harmful or hazardous drinking, n (%)a | 27 (60.0%) | 9 (60.0%) | 10 (66.7%) | 8 (53.3%) |
| Number of heavy drinking days in past 30 days, mean (SD) | 2 (4) | 2 (3) | 2 (4) | 2 (4) |
| Past month heavy drinking days, mean % (SD) | 7.6 (12.8) | 6.7 (9.4) | 8.0 (14.6) | 8.0 (14.5) |
| Lifetime opioid use, n (%) | 25 (55.6%) | 9 (60.0%) | 9 (60.0%) | 7 (46.7%) |
| Pain severity, mean (SD) Median (IQR)b |
3.2 (1.3) 3.0 (2.3, 4.0) |
3.1 (1.3) 2.8 (2.0, 4.5) |
3.2 (1.4) 3.3 (2.8, 3.8) |
3.3 (1.5) 2.8 (2.5, 4.0) |
| Pain interference, mean (SD) Median (IQR) b |
3 (2) 2 (1, 4) |
3 (2) 3 (1, 4) |
3 (2) 2 (1, 3) |
3 (2) 1 (1, 4) |
| Cold pain threshold, mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
17 (13) 12 (8, 19) |
15 (13) 9 (7, 20) |
21 (17) 13 (8, 32) |
14 (6) 15 (11, 17) |
| Cold pain tolerance, mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
37 (33) 25 (18, 45) |
33 (25) 22 (14, 52) |
42 (33) 37 (18, 54) |
36 (41) 25 (17, 35) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
3.7 (0.5) 3.6 (3.3, 3.9) |
3.7 (0.4) 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) |
3.8 (0.7) 3.6 (3.3, 4.2) |
3.5 (0.4) 3.5 (3.3, 3.7) |
| IL-10 (pg/ml) mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
3.9 (0.7) 3.7 (3.4, 4.2) |
3.9 (0.7) 3.7 (3.5, 4.2) |
3.8 (0.7) 3.7 (3.3, 4.6) |
3.9 (0.8) 3.5 (3.4, 4.2) |
| TNFa(pg/ml) mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
6.0 (1.0) 5.9 (5.3, 6.6) |
5.7 (0.9) 5.6 (5.3, 6.6) |
5.7 (0.7) 5.6 (5.2, 6.3) |
6.4 (1.2) 6.3 (5.3, 6.9) |
| IL-Ib (pg/ml) mean (SD) Median (IQR) |
5.6 (0.6) 5.6 (5.2, 5.9) |
5.6 (0.7) 5.6 (5.0, 6.3) |
5.7 (0.5) 5.6 (5.4, 6.1) |
5.5 (0.6) 5.6 (5.0, 5.9) |
| Currently on ART, n (%) | 42 (93.3%) | 15 (100.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Undetectable HIV viral load, n (%) (<250 copies/mL) | 41 (91.1%) | 14 (93.3%) | 12 (80.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| CD4 cell count, mean (SD), cells/mm3 | 791 (331) | 808 (290) | 648 (273) | 917 (381) |
| Depressive symptoms, n (%)c | 9 (20.0%) | 3 (20.0%) | 3 (20.0%) | 3 (20.0%) |
| Anxiety, n (%)d | 5 (11.1%) | 2 (13.3%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (6.7%) |
| Physical component score, mean (SD), median (IQR)e | 40.8 (7.1) 42.9 (36.7, 45.6) |
41.3 (7.2) 42.6 (38.5, 46.5) |
38.1 (7.0) 38.2 (33.3, 44.6) |
42.9 (6.7) 44.9 (39.6, 46.2) |
| Mental component score, mean (SD), median (IQR)e | 47.1 (9.6) 49.4 (42.7, 54.7) |
47.5 (8.8) 49.1 (45.4, 54.7) |
44.4 (10.8) 46.0 (37.7, 51.9) |
49.5 (9.1) 52.1 (43.9, 57.4) |
a AUDIT score 8+
b BPI score range from 0 to 10
c CES-D score 16+
d Moderate to severe anxiety based on GAD-7
e Physical and mental component scores of the Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12)