Table 4. Hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence interval from the multi-state model with covariates.
State 1: normal, State 2: Marginally stunted, State 3: Moderately stunted, State 4: Severely stunted.
| Covariates | State 1-2 | State 2-1 | State 2-3 | State 3-2 | State 3-4 | State 4-3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slum site (ref = Korogocho) | ||||||
| Viwandani | 0.6636 (0.3679,1.1970) | 0.6517 (0.3644,1.1654) | 0.3906 (0.2459,0.6205) | 0.5721 (0.3765,0.8694) | 1.0727 (0.5546,2.0750) | 1.1876 (0.6221,2.2672) |
| Gender of HHH(ref = Female) | ||||||
| Male | 4.3388 (2.1560, 8.731) | 2.8294 (1.4433, 5.547) | 1.2171 (0.8265, 1.792) | 0.9123 (0.6377, 1.305) | 10.1004 (3.8515,26.488) | 5.3404 (2.0722,13.763) |
| Ethnicity of HHH(ref = Kikuyu) | ||||||
| Luhya | 0.4986 (0.2049,1.2130) | 0.4010 (0.1704,0.9438) | 1.5979 (0.8069,3.1643) | 1.3803 (0.7145,2.6663) | 0.2942 (0.1050,0.8246) | 0.2079 (0.0735,0.5874) |
| Luo | 0.4280 (0.1355,1.3523) | 0.3270 (0.1085,0.9860) | 0.7886 (0.4417,1.4081) | 0.6555 (0.3820,1.1248) | 0.4186 (0.1439,1.2174) | 0.3113 (0.1085,0.8931) |
| Kamba | 0.2978 (0.1177,0.7536) | 0.2879 (0.1214,0.6826) | 1.2651 (0.7039,2.2737) | 0.9605 (0.5433,1.6980) | 0.3845 (0.1440,1.0268) | 0.2504 (0.0988,0.6345) |
| Others | 0.2204 (0.0919,0.5288) | 0.1694 (0.0707,0.4059) | 0.9023 (0.5211,1.5623) | 0.8475 (0.5017,1.4315) | 0.6895 (0.1825,2.6050) | 0.8723 (0.2179,3.4923) |
| Child age(ref = 0-5) | ||||||
| 6-11 | 0.3344 (0.1184,0.9440) | 0.3678 (0.1117,1.211) | 0.4480 (0.1502,1.337) | 0.4016 (0.0986,1.637) | 0.4164 (0.1007,1.723) | 0.5481 (0.1124,2.673) |
| 12-23 | 0.2113 (0.07255,0.6152) | 0.3668 (0.11598,1.1600) | 0.3303 (0.1082,1.0080) | 0.5232 (0.1285,2.1300) | 0.2458 (0.06370,0.9484) | 0.5050 (0.1141,2.2353) |
| 24-36 | 0.2674 (0.0961,0.7444) | 0.2623 (0.0854,0.8060) | 0.1584 (0.051424,0.4877) | 0.2138 (0.0519,0.8814) | 0.4268 (0.1134,1.6068) | 0.7870 (0.1824,3.3964) |
| Hunger scale(ref = Food secure) | ||||||
| Moderately food insecure | 0.8622 (0.3189,2.331) | 0.8376 (0.3262,2.151) | 2.4362 (1.3037,4.552) | 2.8500 (1.5761,5.154) | 0.4177 (0.1172,1.489) | 0.9433 (0.2503,3.555) |
| Severely food insecure | 0.3934 (0.1445,1.0708) | 0.3487 (0.1351,0.8997) | 1.2696 (0.7795,2.0679) | 1.6450 (1.0643,2.5427) | 0.4033 (0.1313,1.2387) | 0.4642 (0.1423,1.5142) |
| Marital status(ref = Never married) | ||||||
| Ever married | 0.2273 (0.0167,3.090) | 0.2262 (0.0180,2.845) | 1.7527 (1.1033,2.784) | 1.2136 (0.7951,1.852) | 0.1731 (0.02829,1.060) | 0.2629 (0.04096,1.687) |
| Mother’s education(ref = Less than primary) | ||||||
| Primary | 1.4427 (0.4640, 4.485) | 0.6502 (0.2533, 1.669) | 2.8513 (1.3584, 5.985) | 3.0208 (1.4541, 6.275) | 2.1557 (0.3893,11.938) | 1.9293 (0.3336,11.159) |
| Post primary | 0.9081 (0.26486,3.113) | 0.5582 (0.19497,1.598) | 3.6286 (1.49220,8.824) | 2.7105 (1.15566,6.357) | 0.5689 (0.10085,3.209) | 0.3856 (0.06484,2.293)Access to sanitation(ref = No) |
| Yes | 4.3811 (0.11683,164.290) | 6.3717 (0.17278,234.974) | 0.4380 (0.05382, 3.565) | 0.8098 (0.09223, 7.109) | 1.4090 (0.07192, 27.605) | 1.0495 (0.04832, 22.795)Exclusive breastfeeding(ref = No) |
| Yes | 9.94390 (0.302598, 326.7739) | 61.95368 (1.760710,2179.9489) | 3.11600 (0.603764, 16.0816) | 0.59146 (0.150893, 2.3184) | 0.06512 (0.004557, 0.9306) | 0.31491 (0.026592, 3.7293)Access to safe water(ref = No) |
| Yes | 0.4063 (0.05711,2.890) | 0.5939 (0.08704,4.052) | 1.7575 (0.42614,7.248) | 1.2255 (0.34979,4.293) | 0.5622 (0.1162,2.720) | 0.6907 (0.1468,3.249)Household wealth status(ref = Lowest) |
| Middle | 0.7858 (0.3950,1.563) | 0.9283 (0.4784,1.801) | 1.1226 (0.7171,1.757) | 1.1224 (0.7398,1.703) | 0.6722 (0.3341,1.352) | 0.8734 (0.4378,1.743) |
| Highest | 0.5550 (0.2402,1.283) | 0.5917 (0.2659,1.317) | 1.1380 (0.7105,1.823) | 1.2778 (0.8183,1.996) | 0.6531 (0.2962,1.440) | 0.7676 (0.3493,1.687) |