Table 2.

Developed land use regression model equations using LASSO for hourly temporal scale

Pollutant	LUR model
PM2.5	$\begin{matrix} \ln P M_{2.5} = (2.85848 + α_{P M_{2.5} \cdot j h}) - 0.00193 H - 0.00180 P + 0.00075 P n - 0.17832 W S + 0.19261 T D_{5} - 0.9109 C_{0.5} \\ + 0.03909 G_{3} - 0.13227 W_{3} + 0.02396 P S_{2} + 0.00096 P T_{2} + 0.12319 A \end{matrix}$
PM₁₀	$\begin{matrix} \ln P M_{10} = (4.08058 + α_{P M_{10} \cdot j h}) - 0.00305 T - 0.00952 H - 0.00090 P + 0.00089 P n - 0.06379 W S + 0.10773 T D_{5} \\ + 0.78041 B_{2} + 0.00507 C_{5} - 0.00838 F_{5} - 1.65643 G_{1} + 1.02608 U_{i 0.5} + 0.03040 P S_{1} + 0.09850 A \end{matrix}$
O₃	$\begin{matrix} \ln O_{3} = (- 1.71620 + α_{O_{3} \cdot j h}) + 0.02500 T - 0.01071 H + 0.00055 P n + 0.13083 W S - 0.08140 T D_{5} + 1.87073 D E M_{3} \\ + 0.22970 B_{3} + 0.00998 C_{5} + 0.05883 U_{c 4} - 0.02474 A \end{matrix}$
NO₂	$\begin{matrix} \ln N O_{2} = (3.09564 + α_{N O_{2} \cdot j h}) - 0.01725 T - 0.00235 H - 0.00005 P + 0.00020 P n - 0.20188 W S + 0.13479 {TD}_{5} \\ - 0.86578 B_{2} - 0.04917 C_{0.5} + 0.00012 F_{3} - 0.23549 U_{r 0.5} + 0.09066 U_{i 4} + 0.00878 {P S}_{3} \\ + 0.00076 P T_{4} + 0.09524 A \end{matrix}$
SO₂	$\begin{matrix} \ln S O_{2} = (1.18634 + α_{{SO}_{2} \cdot j h}) - 0.01841 T - 0.00481 H - 0.00163 P - 0.0753 W S + 0.07821 T D_{5} + 0.00112 R_{2} \\ - 0.21697 B_{4} - 0.01528 F_{2} + 0.1886 U_{r 3} + 0.50678 U_{i 0.5} + 1.58474 U_{c 1} - 0.06407 W_{4} - 0.00475 P T_{1} \\ + 0.00681 P S_{4} + 0.04577 A \end{matrix}$
CO	$\begin{matrix} \ln C O = (- 0.20303 + α_{C O . j h}) - 0.00706 T + 0.00129 H - 0.00022 P + 0.00074 P n - 0.20417 W S + 0.18125 {T D}_{5} \\ - 0.20671 D E M_{0.5} + 0.01685 R_{t 0.5} - 0.36037 B_{4} - 0.40972 C_{0.5} + 0.06913 U_{i 5} + 0.17456 U_{c 4} \\ + 0.00721 P T_{1} + 0.00800 P S_{0.5} + 0.08831 A \end{matrix}$