Table 1.
Baseline clinical profiles of participants attending the 2011 CHARLS survey.
| Clinical characteristics | Total participants | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 13,021 | N = 3,275 | N = 3,236 | N = 3,246 | N = 3,264 | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.21 (9.71) | 59.83 (10.10) | 59.38 (9.91) | 59.11 (9.52) | 58.51 (9.26) | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 5367 (46.6%) | 1497 (51.9%) | 1320 (46.0%) | 1258 (43.6%) | 1292 (45.0%) | |
| Female | 6146 (53.4%) | 1390 (48.1%) | 1550 (54.0%) | 1625 (56.4%) | 1581 (55.0%) | |
| Marital status | 0.003 | |||||
| With spouse present | 9528 (82.8%) | 2374 (82.2%) | 2354 (82.0%) | 2358 (81.8%) | 2442 (85.0%) | |
| Others | 1985 (17.2%) | 513 (17.8%) | 516 (18.0%) | 525 (18.2%) | 431 (15.0%) | |
| Cigarette consumption | <0.001 | |||||
| Current smoker | 3512 (30.5%) | 982 (34.0%) | 886 (30.9%) | 830 (28.8%) | 814 (28.3%) | |
| Nonsmoker | 7026 (61.1%) | 1660 (57.5%) | 1760 (61.4%) | 1823 (63.3%) | 1783 (62.1%) | |
| Ever-smoker | 970 (8.4%) | 244 (8.5%) | 222 (7.7%) | 229 (7.9%) | 275 (9.6%) | |
| Alcohol consumption | <0.001 | |||||
| Drink more than once a month | 2870 (24.9%) | 935 (32.4%) | 670 (23.4%) | 620 (21.5%) | 645 (22.5%) | |
| Drink less than once a month | 900 (7.8%) | 227 (7.9%) | 229 (8.0%) | 213 (7.4%) | 231 (8.0%) | |
| None of these | 7736 (67.2%) | 1724 (59.7%) | 1969 (68.7%) | 2048 (71.1%) | 1995 (69.5%) | |
| Body mass index | <0.001 | |||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 669 (6.9%) | 290 (11.7%) | 215 (8.8%) | 121 (5.0%) | 43 (1.8%) | |
| ≥18.5 & <24 kg/m2 | 5035 (51.9%) | 1661 (66.8%) | 1373 (56.3%) | 1120 (46.4%) | 881 (37.3%) | |
| ≥24 & <28 kg/m2 | 2851 (29.4%) | 438 (17.6%) | 652 (26.7%) | 824 (34.1%) | 937 (39.7%) | |
| ≥28 kg/m2 | 1148 (11.8%) | 99 (4.0%) | 199 (8.2%) | 348 (14.4%) | 502 (21.2%) | |
| Nap | 0.004 | |||||
| No | 5154 (46.7%) | 1347 (48.5%) | 1300 (47.2%) | 1298 (47.2%) | 1209 (43.8%) | |
| Yes | 5889 (53.3%) | 1432 (51.5%) | 1455 (52.8%) | 1451 (52.8%) | 1551 (56.2%) | |
| Sleep duration | 0.30 | |||||
| <6 hours | 5548 (50.6%) | 1422 (51.4%) | 1386 (50.7%) | 1405 (51.6%) | 1335 (48.7%) | |
| 6–8 hours | 4486 (40.9%) | 1118 (40.4%) | 1105 (40.4%) | 1088 (40.0%) | 1175 (42.9%) | |
| >8 hours | 928 (8.5%) | 226 (8.2%) | 243 (8.9%) | 229 (8.4%) | 230 (8.4%) | |
| Low-density lipoprotein | <0.001 | |||||
| <120 mg/dL | 6586 (57.3%) | 1894 (65.6%) | 1551 (54.0%) | 1396 (48.4%) | 1745 (61.2%) | |
| ≥120 mg/dL | 4905 (42.7%) | 992 (34.4%) | 1319 (46.0%) | 1486 (51.6%) | 1108 (38.8%) | |
| Total cholesterol | <0.001 | |||||
| <200 mg/dL | 6991 (60.7%) | 1934 (67.0%) | 1850 (64.5%) | 1711 (59.4%) | 1496 (52.1%) | |
| ≥200 mg/dL | 4519 (39.3%) | 952 (33.0%) | 1019 (35.5%) | 1171 (40.6%) | 1377 (47.9%) | |
| Depression | 3980 (38.1%) | 1039 (39.7%) | 982 (37.8%) | 1003 (38.5%) | 956 (36.5%) | 0.12 |
| Arthritis | 4032 (35.0%) | 979 (33.9%) | 1004 (35.0%) | 1057 (36.7%) | 992 (34.5%) | 0.15 |
| Digestive diseases | 2659 (23.1%) | 729 (25.3%) | 679 (23.7%) | 650 (22.5%) | 601 (20.9%) | 0.001 |
| Renal diseases | 772 (6.7%) | 205 (7.1%) | 184 (6.4%) | 188 (6.5%) | 195 (6.8%) | 0.73 |
| Hepatic diseases | 451 (3.9%) | 117 (4.1%) | 101 (3.5%) | 117 (4.1%) | 116 (4.0%) | 0.66 |
N: number; Q: quartile; CHARLS: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.