Table 5. Association between Serum Total Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Tinnitus Severity in Korean Adults Aged ≥60 Years with Tinnitus (n=1733).

Multivariable model		Model 1 OR (95% CI)	Model 2 OR (95% CI)	Model 3 OR (95% CI)	Model 4 OR (95% CI)
Severity of tinnitus
	Not annoying	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Irritating	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	1.00 (0.90–1.10)	0.98 (0.89–1.09)
	Severely annoying	1.17 (1.05–1.30)	1.19 (1.07–1.34)	1.21 (1.09–1.36)	1.20 (1.08–1.35)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval

Data were obtained from the 2016–2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Model 1 was crude. Model 2 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 3 was adjusted for physician-diagnosed hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia in addition to the variables included in Model 2. Model 4 was adjusted for current smoking, obesity, noise exposure, stress cognition, and depressive mood or anxiety in addition to the variables included in Model 3 (adjusted R squared for model 1 to 4 were 0.002, 0.019, 0.023, and 0.048, respectively).