Table 3.
Comparison of patients who did and did not receive postoperative NS after PD for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ampullary adenocarcinoma, or cholangiocarcinoma
| Variable | Postoperative NS (n = 601) | No postoperative NS (n = 722) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 66.3 ± 9.9 | 65.6 ± 9.7 | 0.148 |
| Female sex | 251 (41.8) | 328 (45.4) | 0.182 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 4.5 | 25.5 ± 4.3 | 0.926 |
| Pre-op diabetes | 133 (22.2) | 141 (19.5) | 0.248 |
| Pre-op cardiovascular comorbidity | 291 (48.4) | 299 (41.4) | 0.012* |
| Pre-op respiratory comorbidity | 75 (12.5) | 66 (9.1) | 0.060 |
| Preoperative biliary stent | 366 (60.9) | 491 (68.0) | 0.008* |
| Received neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 21 (3.5) | 40 (5.5) | 0.087 |
| Median pre-op bilirubin (µmol/L) | 21.5 (IQR: 46) | 20 (IQR: 40) | 0.724 |
| Median pre-op serum albumin (g/L) | 37 (IQR: 11) | 39 (IQR: 9) | < 0.001* |
| ASA grade > II | 223 (37.1) | 242 (33.5) | 0.184 |
| Venous resection performed | 90 (15.0) | 114 (15.8) | 0.701 |
| Intra-op blood transfusion | 84 (20.1) | 80 (16.4) | 0.166 |
| Left theatre with NG tube in situ | 501 (94.7) | 504 (88.7) | < 0.001* |
| Post-op pancreatic fistula | 155 (25.8) | 54 (7.5) | < 0.001* |
| Post-op bile leak | 31 (5.2) | 12 (1.7) | < 0.001* |
| Gastro-jejunal anastomotic leak | 13 (2.2) | 7 (1.0) | 0.111 |
| Post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage | 52 (8.7) | 32 (4.4) | 0.002* |
| Delayed gastric emptying | 129 (21.5) | 38 (5.3) | < 0.001* |
| Intra-abdominal collection | 26 (4.3) | 50 (6.9) | 0.044* |
| Unplanned return to theatre | 55 (9.2) | 19 (2.6) | < 0.001* |
| Median length of stay (day) | 11 (IQR: 7) | 12 (IQR: 6) | 0.017* |
| 30-day readmission | 77 (12.8) | 57 (7.9) | 0.003* |
| 90-day mortality | 29 (4.8) | 22 (3.0) | 0.114 |
| Commenced ACa) | 342 (59.8) | 451 (64.4) | 0.092 |
Statistical methods: Student’s t-test: age, BMI, Mann–Whitney U test: blood tests, length of stay, Fisher’s exact test; all other comparisons. Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation. Percentages may appear incorrect if data were missing and selected patients had to be excluded from certain sub-analyses.
NS, nutritional support; PD, pancreatoduodenectomy; AC, adjuvant chemotherapy; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; NG, nasogastric.
a)Excluding patients who died within 90 days of PD. *Denotes statistical significance.