Table 2.

Text of the six inoculations

Cognitive inoculation	Socio-affective inoculation
Scientific consensus inoculation	Trust inoculation
When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that the IPCC, the most comprehensive review on the scientific agreement behind climate change and climate action, found that among thousands of climate scientists with the highest degrees of expertise ‘there is virtually no disagreement that humans are causing climate change’. Studies have shown that the consensus about anthropogenic climate change among expert scientists ranges from 97% to 99%. IPCC scientists from all cultural backgrounds and nations stated in the report that ‘It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land’ and they are in agreement that urgent climate action is needed for a better planet and society.	When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that the IPCC is the most authoritative scientific body in the world assessing the knowledge about climate change and climate action and that the majority of citizens of multiple countries trust scientists. Climate scientists have the highest degrees of expertise and are committed to open and transparent review by other scientists and governments around the world, and value rigorous and balanced scientific information above all else. IPCC scientists come from all cultural backgrounds and nations, to reflect a diverse range of views and expertise in their work and to ensure an objective and complete assessment of the scientific evidence about climate change, to recommend actions and policies for a better planet and society.
Transparent communication inoculation	Moralization inoculation
When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that the IPCC scientists are open about the fact that climate actions will require substantial funding and a significant overhaul of our way of life to keep our planet livable. They also disclosed that there is some uncertainty about if and how these climate actions may reduce our quality of life, but they still concluded with confidence that limiting irreversible climate-induced risks with climate action is less risky than not acting at all. Acting is hard, they admit, but it is through these scientifically supported actions that we can protect our planet, reduce inequality, and generate sustainable growth.	When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that the IPCC scientists provide valuable and authoritative advice about actions that our communities and nations must take to responsibly keep our planet livable for us and for future generations. As citizens of this earth, we have a moral responsibility to protect our homeland and our community from climate-induced risks and harms, and to stop defiling our pristine natural environment. Through these scientifically supported actions, we can protect our planet, create a more just and fair society with decent living conditions for everyone, and generate sustainable growth beneficial for us, our nations, the world, and generations to come.
Accuracy inoculation	Positive emotions inoculation
When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that it is important to be able to accurately recognize these misinformation to avoid being influenced by them. One good strategy to distinguish between good and bad information is to ask yourself: ‘do I think this information is accurately describing the state of the science of climate change? Is this information not at all accurate, not very accurate, somewhat accurate, or very accurate?’. When you evaluate the information you see on any media about climate change, think about this accuracy question to get in the right frame of mind.	When confronted with such misleading information about the science of climate change and the actions to mitigate it, remember that climate actions are vital actions that will keep our planet livable for the next generation. Actions such as eating delicious and healthy meals with a lower carbon footprint or taking a bike ride instead of getting stuck in traffic are scientifically supported ways to make you happier and more fulfilled in your daily life. When you evaluate the information you see on any media about climate change, imagine the positive changes you can create with climate action, and think about how good you will feel when doing so.

Cross-condition differences are underlined.