Table 2.
Variations in social stigma score by respondents’ socio-demographics (N = 3849)
| Variables | Mean (SD) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | t = 1.694 | 0.045 | |
| Male | 0.42 (0.80) | ||
| Female | 0.38 (0.76) | ||
| Age group | F = 27.57 | 0.000 | |
| 40–49 | 0.26 (0.64) | ||
| 50–59 | 0.32 (0.70) | ||
| 60–69 | 0.35 (0.71) | ||
| 70–79 | 0.46 (0.82) | ||
| 80+ | 0.70 (0.98) | ||
| Education | F = 14.46 | 0.000 | |
| No formal | 0.45 (0.83) | ||
| At least some primary (1–7 years) | 0.40 (0.77) | ||
| Secondary or more (8+ years) | 0.28 (0.63) | ||
| Marital status | F = 8.35 | 0.000 | |
| Never married | 0.47 (0.82) | ||
| Separated or divorced | 0.43 (0.81) | ||
| Widowed | 0.46 (0.83) | ||
| Currently married or living with partner | 0.33 (0.71) | ||
| Employment status | F = 13.41 | 0.000 | |
| Unemployed | 0.41 (0.78) | ||
| Employed (full-time or part-time) | 0.27 (0.64) | ||
| Retired | 0.47 (0.83) | ||
| Household size | F = 3.35 | 0.018 | |
| Living alone | 0.50 (0.91) | ||
| Living with another person | 0.42 (0.81) | ||
| Living in 3–6 person | 0.39 (0.75) | ||
| Living in 7+ person | 0.37 (0.74) | ||
| Wave 2 wealth asset index | F = 6.62 | 0.000 | |
| Index 1 (lower) | 0.50 (0.86) | ||
| Index 2 | 0.39 (0.76) | ||
| Index 3 | 0.40 (0.79) | ||
| Index 4 | 0.38 (0.76) | ||
| Index 5 (higher) | 0.33 (0.70) | ||
| Wave 2 ever tested for HIV (self-report) | t = − 7.684 | 0.000 | |
| Yes | 0.35 (0.73) | ||
| No | 0.57 (0.89) | ||
| Wave 2 DBS HIV test result | F = 32.23 | 0.000 | |
| HIV+ | 0.29 (0.68) | ||
| HIV− | 0.40 (0.78) |