Table 4.
Association between social stigma and self-report HIV testing among older adults (N = 3837)
| Ever tested | Odd ratio | 95% Conf. interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social stigma score | |||
| 0 | REF | REF | REF |
| 1 | 0.66 | (0.53–0.81) | 0.000 |
| 2 | 0.61 | (0.47–0.79) | 0.000 |
| 3 | 0.56 | (0.38–0.83) | 0.004 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | REF | REF | REF |
| Female | 1.08 | (0.90–1.30) | 0.416 |
| Age group | |||
| 40–49 | REF | REF | REF |
| 50–59 | 0.78 | (0.57–1.07) | 0.116 |
| 60–69 | 0.73 | (0.53–1.02) | 0.067 |
| 70–79 | 0.46 | (0.32–0.65) | 0.000 |
| 80+ | 0.33 | (0.23–0.48) | 0.000 |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | REF | REF | REF |
| Separated or divorced | 2.13 | (1.50–3.06) | 0.000 |
| Widowed | 2.07 | (1.52–2.83) | 0.000 |
| Currently married or living with partner | 2.58 | (1.92–3.47) | 0.000 |
| Education | |||
| No formal | REF | REF | REF |
| Some primary (1–7 years) | 1.22 | (1.02–1.47) | 0.032 |
| Secondary or more (8+ years) | 1.32 | (1.02–1.72) | 0.035 |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | REF | REF | REF |
| Employed (part or full time) | 1.07 | (0.83–1.37) | 0.592 |
| Retired | 0.89 | (0.74–1.08) | 0.249 |
| Household Size | |||
| Living alone | REF | REF | REF |
| Living with another person | 0.92 | (0.66–1.29) | 0.664 |
| Living in 3–6-person household | 1.02 | (0.77–1.35) | 0.894 |
| Living in 7+ person household | 0.71 | (0.53–0.95) | 0.021 |
| Wave 2 wealth asset index | |||
| Index 1 (lower) | REF | REF | REF |
| Index 2 | 1.28 | (1.03–1.58) | 0.027 |
| Index 3 | 0.89 | (0.65–1.27) | 0.490 |
| Index 4 | 1.07 | (0.82–1.38) | 0.613 |
| Index 5 (higher) | 1.38 | (1.08–1.74) | 0.008 |