Table 6.
Association between social stigma and ART uptake among older adults living with HIV (N = 715)
| ART uptake | Odds ratio | 95% Conf. interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social stigma score | |||
| 0 | REF | REF | REF |
| 1 | 0.83 | (0.45–1.53) | 0.556 |
| 2 | 0.41 | (0.19–0.87) | 0.020 |
| 3 | 0.44 | (0.15–1.23) | 0.125 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | REF | REF | REF |
| Female | 1.03 | (0.65–1.63) | 0.894 |
| Age group | |||
| 40–49 | REF | REF | REF |
| 50–59 | 0.97 | (0.57–1.64) | 0.898 |
| 60–69 | 1.39 | (0.76–2.53) | 0.283 |
| 70–79 | 1.39 | (0.59–3.28) | 0.455 |
| 80+ | 2.71 | (0.55–13.34) | 0.221 |
| Marital status | |||
| Never married | REF | REF | REF |
| Separated or divorced | 1.15 | (0.57–2.32) | 0.706 |
| Widowed | 2.73 | (1.33–5.61) | 0.006 |
| Currently married or living with partner | 2.21 | (1.09–4.50) | 0.028 |
| Education | |||
| No formal | REF | REF | REF |
| Some primary (1–7 years) | 0.85 | (0.53–1.37) | 0.511 |
| Secondary or more (8+ years) | 1.02 | (0.57–1.81) | 0.951 |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | REF | REF | REF |
| Employed (part or full time) | 0.66 | (0.40–1.07) | 0.090 |
| Retired | 0.54 | (0.29–1.01) | 0.054 |
| Household size | |||
| Living alone | REF | REF | REF |
| Living with another person | 1.22 | (0.51–2.94) | 0.654 |
| Living in 3–6 person | 0.85 | (0.44–1.64) | 0.631 |
| Living in 7+ person | 0.53 | (0.26–1.06) | 0.071 |
| Wave 2 wealth asset index | |||
| Index 1 (lower) | REF | REF | REF |
| Index 2 | 1.27 | (0.75–2.16) | 0.374 |
| Index 3 | 3.45 | (1.13–10.50) | 0.029 |
| Index 4 | 1.18 | (0.59–2.35) | 0.634 |
| Index 5 (higher) | 1.22 | (0.68–2.18) | 0.510 |