Table 3.

Physicochemical properties of the different NMs in DMEM medium

NMs	Effective density (g/cm3)		Hydrodynamic size (nm) / PDI		Zeta potential (mV)
	T0	T1	T0	T1	T0	T1
ZnO–Al3+ 1%	1.05 ± 0.09	0.68 ± 0.06	36.16 ± 26.65 / 0.43	212.0 ± 13.71 / 0.50	− 10.82 ± 2.70	− 13.2 ± 0.85
ZnO–Al3+ 3%	1.29 ± 0.23	0.84 ± 0.15	18.32 ± 1.87 / 0.39	37.26 ± 24.9 / 0.52	− 7.58 ± 0.85	− 0.92 ± 1.17
ZnO–Al3+ 5%	1.08 ± 0.03	0.70 ± 0.02	196.24 ± 202.81 / 0.71	206.93 ± 32.90 / 0.60	− 10.27 ± 0.91	− 11.73 ± 0.61