Fig. 4.

The low-density lipoprotein receptor/scavenger receptor and the G-protein-coupled receptor-associated pathway are the primary regulators of the quantum dots endocytic pathways. Nanoparticle absorption in mammalian cells for the purposes of cancer detection and therapy and medication administration is highly influenced by the nanoparticles' surface coating, size, and charge. QDs are effective energy givers; they transmit energy to oxygen molecules, resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may then cause cell damage or death