Table 5.

Measures to achieve “The meeting of basic needs (food, water, shelter, income, safety, work) for all the city's people” (characteristic 5 of a healthy city)

Housing policy that is empowering: 1. Affordable housing projects should consider all basic needs (e.g., clean water, healthy food, employment, public transport) of residents rather than only the need for housing 2. Assistance for the homeless should follow the Housing First model rather than the Treatment First model In the Treatment First model, homeless people should first qualify for rent assistance by addressing their lifestyle problems while in collective, temporary, and supervised accommodations. By contrast, the Housing First model sets no prerequisites for rent assistance as it considers stable housing as the foundation for life improvement Localized food and people-centered retail: 1. Preserving farmlands on the urban fringe and supporting farmers’ markets 2. Defining multifunctional agriculture in cities as a legitimate and desirable category of land use 3. Encouraging the emergence of small service establishments and fresh food stores in residential areas 4. Enabling street vending as a legitimate livelihood—thus capitalizing on its ability to generate employment and revenue and to provide goods at low prices in convenient locations

[38, 62, 75, 87–97]