Table 9.

Measures to achieve “A city form that is compatible with and enhances the above parameters and behaviours” (characteristic 9 of a healthy city)

Livable density: urban density is livable that: 1. Acknowledges geographic context (e.g., lower buildings at the shoreline) 2. Integrates with human scale (e.g., ground-level shops and community space in high-rise buildings) 3. Provides contact with green space 4. Provides affordable housing 5. Delivers efficient public services in transportation, healthcare, etc 6. Applies a mix of tools to increase density, i.e., high-rise apartments in strategic locations and gentle increases in neighborhood density 7. Has a polycentric urban structure Modular form: a modular (scalable) urban form to absorb future growth or de-growth. Two strategies for modularity are as follows: 1. Neighborhood–based design which enables unit-by-unit changes as the city grows or de-grows 2. Open-ended urban boundaries in natural, physical, and legal terms Integrated edge: integrating urban activities that are pushed away to the urban edge (e.g., sewage works, mental institutions, asylum centers) with farming and forestry. This will improve the edge of cities rather than just preserve them from sprawl Regional collaboration: coordinating urban form policy between neighboring local authorities

[40, 136–145]