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. 2024 Feb 26;15:1719. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-46175-1

Fig. 2. Catalyst design principle and materials characterization.

Fig. 2

a Schematic of our design principle, whereby modulation of the interfacial electric field can be achieved by the carbon support sphere diameter. b–e TEM images of Ni SACs, consisting of Ni single-atoms supported on carbon nanospheres of varying diameter. b Ni-SAC-70, (c) Ni-SAC-130, (d) Ni-SAC-250 and (e) Ni-SAC-350. The inset of each image shows the size distribution of the carbon nanospheres. More TEM images are shown in Supplementary Fig. 13. f AC-HAADF-STEM image of Ni-SAC-250. g HAADF-STEM and corresponding EDS mapping images of Ni-SAC-250. h Ni K-edge XANES spectra and i Ni K-edge Fourier-transformed (FT) k2-weighted χ(k) functions of Ni-SACs with different sphere diameters. NiO and Ni foil were used as references. j TOF-SIMS high-resolution negative-ion spectra for Ni-SAC-70, Ni-SAC-130, Ni-SAC-250 and Ni-SAC-350. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.