Table 2.
Results from the prospective observational study of the association between IPFD and incidence of PDAC in the UK Biobank
| Cumulative incidence,a % |
Crude |
Age and BMI adjusted |
Multivariable adjustedb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N cases/N total) | HR (95% CI)c | p value | HR (95% CI)c | p value | HR (95% CI)c | p value | |
| Categorization (mean value)d | |||||||
| Low IPFD (≤10%) | 0.07 (12/17,978) | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
| High IPFD (>10%) | 0.28 (32/11,485) | 4.20 (2.16–8.15) | <0.001 | 3.53 (1.72–7.26) | 0.001 | 3.35 (1.60–7.00) | 0.001 |
| Categorization (tertiles) | |||||||
| Low IPFD (≤5.8%) | 0.06 (6/9,821) | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – | 1.00 (reference) | – |
| Moderate IPFD (5.8–11%) | 0.09 (9/9,821) | 1.49 (0.53–4.19) | 0.45 | 1.34 (0.47–3.87) | 0.58 | 1.28 (0.44–3.73) | 0.65 |
| High IPFD (>11%) | 0.30 (29/9,821) | 4.83 (2.01–11.6) | <0.001 | 3.85 (1.47–10.1) | 0.006 | 3.57 (1.32–9.62) | 0.012 |
| Continuous IPFDe | |||||||
| IPFD (per 1-SD increase) | 0.15 (44/29,463) | 1.69 (1.25–2.27) | 0.001 | 1.48 (1.05–2.08) | 0.025 | 1.42 (0.99–2.02) | 0.056 |
IPFD, intra-pancreatic fat deposition; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
a
Median follow-up period was 4.5 years (interquartile range: 3.8–5.4).
b
The multivariable analysis was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, current smoking status, and daily drinking.
c
HR and 95% CI estimated using Cox regression models.
d
High and low IPFD were defined based on the mean IPFD among all participants (10%).
e
Log transformation was applied to continuous IPFD to correct for skewness. Models evaluated 1-SD increase in the log-transformed value.