Table. Study Population.
| Characteristic | Patient groupa | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 401) | Nonimmunocompromised (n = 293) | Immunocompromised (n = 108)b | |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 6 (1-12) | 5 (1-12) | 8 (4-13) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 179 (44.6) | 134 (45.7) | 45 (41.7) |
| Male | 222 (55.4) | 159 (54.3) | 63 (58.3) |
| Race | |||
| Black or African American | 83 (20.7) | 61 (20.8) | 22 (20.4) |
| White | 270 (67.3) | 195 (66.6) | 75 (69.4) |
| Multiracial | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) | 0 |
| Otherc | 19 (4.7) | 13 (4.4) | 6 (5.6) |
| Unknown or not reported | 26 (6.5) | 21 (7.2) | 5 (4.6) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 66 (16.5) | 47 (16.0) | 19 (17.6) |
| Non-Hispanic or non-Latino | 321 (80.0) | 234 (79.9) | 87 (80.6) |
| Unknown or not reported | 14 (3.5) | 12 (4.1) | 2 (1.9) |
| PRISM score, median (IQR)d | 8 (3-14) | 7 (3-13) | 10 (6-16) |
| Infection at eligibilitye | |||
| Documented infection | 225 (56.1) | 166 (56.7) | 59 (54.6) |
| Bacterial | 141 (35.2) | 102 (34.8) | 39 (36.1) |
| Fungal | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (2.8) |
| Protozoal | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 |
| Viralf | 112 (27.9) | 87 (29.7) | 25 (23.1) |
| PICU admission diagnosis | |||
| Cardiac arrest | 12 (3.0) | 11 (3.8) | 1 (0.9) |
| Cardiac disease | 18 (4.5) | 15 (5.1) | 3 (2.8) |
| Liver failure | 5 (1.2) | 5 (1.7) | 0 |
| Kidney failure | 9 (2.2) | 4 (1.4) | 5 (4.6) |
| Respiratory failure | 166 (41.4) | 136 (46.4) | 30 (27.8) |
| Seizure | 14 (3.5) | 8 (2.7) | 6 (5.6) |
| Sepsis | 124 (30.9) | 75 (25.6) | 49 (45.4) |
| Other neurologic disease | 15 (3.7) | 13 (4.4) | 2 (1.9) |
| Other | 38 (9.5) | 26 (8.9) | 12 (11.1) |
| Medical history | |||
| Previously healthyg | 154 (38.4) | 150 (51.2) | 4 (3.7) |
| Hematologic malignant neoplasm | 35 (8.7) | 0 | 35 (32.4) |
| Solid tumor | 16 (4.0) | 1 (0.3) | 15 (13.9) |
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplant | 23 (5.7) | 0 | 23 (21.3) |
| Solid organ transplant | 10 (2.5) | 0 | 10 (9.3) |
| Genetic disorder or chromosomal abnormality | 63 (15.7) | 47 (16.0) | 16 (14.8) |
| Metabolic or mitochondrial disease | 18 (4.5) | 13 (4.4) | 5 (4.6) |
Abbreviations: PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; PRISM, Pediatric Risk of Mortality.
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
Conditions included hematologic malignant neoplasm (n = 35), solid tumor (n = 16), hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 23), solid organ transplant (n = 10), chronic corticosteroid use (n = 59), congenital immunodeficiency (n = 10), rheumatologic disease (n = 7), functional or anatomic asplenia (n = 3), or other (n = 19). Patients could have more than 1 diagnosis; hence the total is greater than the total number of immunocompromised patients.
Includes self-identified American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander according to the National Institutes of Health demographic sheet provided to parents at the time of consent.
The worst physiologic values 2 hours prior to intensive care unit (ICU) admission through 4 hours post ICU admission were used to calculate PRISM. Scores range from 1 to 26, with higher scores indicating higher mortality risk.
Patients may have had multiple documented infections at eligibility; counts are not mutually exclusive.
Viral infection(s) at eligibility was determined by respective research coordinator medical record review and does not include results of investigative viral testing subsequently performed for this study.
Four patients were listed as both previously healthy and immunocompromised by the site research coordinator. Since no further information was available, patients were reported and analyzed as designated.