Box 4. Summary of evidence in favor of taking a spiritual history.

	Level of evidence	Observations
Improves treatment satisfaction	2	RCT of oncology patients27 and hospitalized patients28
Improves treatment attendance or adherence	2	RCT of patients with schizophrenia29
Improves psychological well-being and quality of life	2	RCT including oncology patients27
Reduces negative psychological symptoms	2	RCT of oncology patients27
SH training improves spiritual assessment in health  care	2	Medical students and other health-related undergraduates37,38

RCT = randomized controlled trial(s); SH = spiritual history.