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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 27.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2023 Mar 27;42(4):946–959. doi: 10.1111/dar.13647

TABLE A2.

Changes of excise duty rates for alcoholic beverages as a percentage of the retail purchase price.

Implementation date Spirits and liquor Cognac Wine Champagne Fortified wine Spirits >25% ABV Alcoholic beverages ≥8% to 25% ABV Other alcoholic beverages >25% ABV Reference

1 January 1991 91% 60% 45% 75% 75% N/D N/D N/D [67]
1 January 1992 91% 60% N/D 30%a N/D N/D N/D N/D [68]
1 October 1992 N/D 200%b 30% 30% N/D 200% 100% 400% [69]
1 November 1992 N/D 150%c 30% 30% N/D 200% 100% 200% [70]
12 April 1993 N/D 150%c 30% 30% 50% 200% 100% 200% [71]

Abbreviations: ABV, alcohol by volume; N/D, not defined.

a

Champagne and other alcoholic beverage with the >8% ABV.

b

Including liquors >25% ABV and whiskey and rum andgin.

c

Including liquors >25% ABV and whiskey and rum and gin and “Riga Black Balsam.”