Table 2.

Identified themes, subthemes, and code examples related to the long-term use of smart speakers among older adults.

Themes and subthemes		Code examples
Functional integration
	Entertainment	Using it for listening to music Chatting with the small thing for fun Telling some stories
	Information collection	Hear daily news Weather information A useful tool for knowing what is going on
	Medication reminders	The speaker can send out medication reminders When I see it, I know, “Oh I need to take pills”
	Companionship	Enjoy hearing the speaker’s answers The speaker is accompanying me, he is a friend Love sitting in the coach, with her beside me
	Environment modification	Just need to say “Turn off the lights” Connect it with the switch Connect to the camera to show who is knocking on the door
	Emergency calls	Call for help if falling on the ground
Spatial integration
	Smart speaker location	Decide the device’s location according to daily habits Put it beside the medicine box for task convenience
	Appliance connection	Locate the smart speaker in the bedroom for device connection Put the smart speaker beside the door for better internet Put it on the bedside table for easily hearing the doorbells
Cognitive integration
	Learning and problem-solving	Memorize the required voice commands Handle the emerging technical hurdles
	Mental adaptation	Overcome skepticism and building trust Realize the benefits of smart speakers for personal convenience
Semantic integration
	Enjoyable experience	Save energy in memorizing things Assist older adults in performing multitask operations
	Affective bonds	Feel a shared and caring presence through the technology use Experience tranquility while reading with the smart speaker