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. 2024 Feb 27;16:45. doi: 10.1186/s13195-024-01414-x

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The PRS.noAPOE in the ADD group was significantly higher than those in the CU and MCI groups. The PRS.noAPOEs (A) or PRS.adjLD (B) in each group were represented by violin plots (CU, n = 145; MCI, n = 220; ADD, n = 139). Each violin plot includes the kernel probability density of the data at different values and the box plots with the median value and the interquartile range. Tukey’s HSD test was used to perform multiple comparisons of PRSs among each group. We normalized the PRS distribution to have a mean of 0 and an SD of 1. CN = cognitively normal; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; ADD = Alzheimer’s disease dementia