Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of all-cause early mortality in the training cohort

Variables	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
	OR	95% Cl	P		OR(95%)	95%Cl	P
Age (years)
≤ 57	Ref				Ref
58 ~ 75	2.173	1.436–3.333	<0.001		1.319	0.827–2.115	0.213
≥ 76	6.535	4.067–10.549	<0.001		2.958	1.683–5.192	<0.001
Race
White	Ref
Black	1.333	0.754–2.225	0.295
Other	0.86	0.464–1.481	0.608
Gender
Female	Ref
Male	1.004	0.708–1.435	0.981
Histological type
Adenocarcinoma	Ref
Not adenocarcinoma	1.153	0.719–1.782	0.538
Grade
Well differentiated: I	Ref
Moderately differentiated: II	1.004	0.462–2.636	0.992
Poorly differentiated: III	1.851	0.814–4.993	0.176
Undifferentiated;anaplastic:IV	0.384	1.694–0.504	0.384
T Stage
T1	Ref				Ref
T2	0.499	0.163–1.267	0.176		0.532	0.151–1.601	0.289
T3	0.511	0.315–0.858	0.008		0.82	0.442–1.557	0.536
T4	0.784	0.463–1.357	0.372		0.98	0.502–1.945	0.954
N Stage
N0	Ref
N1	0.861	0.556–1.348	0.508
N2	1.223	0.789–1.916	0.372
CEA level
Positive	Ref				Ref
Negative	0.359	0.196–0.61	<0.001		0.503	0.258–0.917	0.0326
Tumor size
≤ 55	Ref				Ref
56 ~ 85	1.593	1.073–2.351	0.02		1.205	0.767–1.882	0.414
≥ 86	2.458	1.532–3.867	<0.001		2.556	1.46–4.421	<0.001
Surgery
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	2.149	1.521–3.041	<0.001		1.758	1.112–2.775	0.015
Chemotherapy
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	13.91	9.6–20.328	<0.001		10.112	6.616–15.613	<0.001
Radiotherapy
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	3.005	1.984–4.712	<0.001		1.772	1.083–2.973	0.026
Marital status
Married	Ref				Ref
Unmarried	1.51	1.07–2.137	0.019		1.078	0.721–1.61	0.715
Bone metastases
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	0.329	0.19–0.603	<0.001		0.319	0.165–0.644	<0.001
Brain metastases
Yes	Ref
No	0.936	0.18–17.165	0.949
Liver metastases
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	0.629	0.406–0.946	0.032		0.536	0.323–0.867	0.013
Lung metastases
Yes	Ref				Ref
No	0.44	0.31–0.626	<0.001		0.488	0.320–0.745	<0.001