Table 2.
Association between sleep behaviour traits and risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus
| Sleep behaviour traits | N | Case | Person-years | Incidence rate† | Crude Model 1 | Multivariate Model 1 | Multivariate Model 2 | Multivariate Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |||||
| Sleep duration | ||||||||||||
| Short hours | 1717 | 182 | 23,651.7 | 7.70 | 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | 0.018 | 1.33 (1.14–1.55) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 0.002 | 1.25 (1.07–1.47) | 0.004 |
| Proper hours | 19,554 | 1739 | 270,985.8 | 6.42 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Long hours | 2514 | 300 | 34,399.9 | 8.72 | 1.36 (1.21–1.54) | < 0.001 | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 0.002 | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) | 0.017 | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | 0.027 |
| Early chronotype | 13,007 | 1171 | 179,930.2 | 6.51 | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | 0.054 | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.002 | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 0.006 | 0.89 (0.82–0.97) | 0.007 |
| Never/rarely insomnia | 5456 | 452 | 75,702 | 5.97 | 0.85 (0.77–0.95) | 0.003 | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | < 0.001 | 0.85 (0.77–0.95) | 0.003 | 0.86 (0.78–0.96) | 0.027 |
| Never/rarely Snoring | 11,704 | 1087 | 161,905.3 | 6.71 | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 0.797 | – | – | – | |||
| Never/rarely daytime sleepiness | 22,441 | 2067 | 310,620.8 | 6.65 | 0.79 (0.67–0.93) | 0.004 | 0.77 (0.66–0.91) | 0.002 | 0.88 (0.81–0.96) | 0.005 | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | 0.021 |
†Incidence rate = Number of incident cases/person-years × 1000
Multivariate Model 1adjusted age and sex
Multivariate Model 2 additionally adjusted age, sex, race, body mass index, Townsend deprivation index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, hypertension, antihypertensives, current smoker and drinker
Multivariate Model 3 additionally adjusted other sleep behavior traits including chronotype, insomnia, snoring, daytime sleepiness