| Electrotherapy modality |
Study ID |
Frequency/Intensity |
Session duration |
# electrotherapy sessions per week |
# weeks of electrotherapy |
Total # electrotherapy sessions |
| Therapeutic ultrasound |
Calis 2006 |
Frequency: not reported; Intensity: 1.5 W/cm2
|
5 mins |
5 |
2 |
10 |
| Carette 2003 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
3 |
4 |
12 |
| Dogru 2008 |
Frequency: 3 MHz; Intensity: 1.5 W/cm2
|
10 mins |
5 |
2 |
10 |
| Ghosh 2012 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
Not reported |
| Continuous short wave diathermy |
Bumin 2001 |
Not reported |
20 mins |
1 |
10 |
10 |
| Guler‐Uysal 2004 |
Frequency: 27.12 MHz |
20 mins |
5 |
2 |
10 |
| Leung 2008 |
Frequency: 27.12 MHz; Intensity: adjusted to patient's feeling of comfortable warmth |
20 mins |
3 |
4 |
12 |
| Pajareya 2004 |
Not reported |
20 mins |
3 |
3 |
9 |
| Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy |
Battisti 2007 |
Frequency: 100 Hz |
30 mins |
7 |
2 |
14 |
| Leclaire 1991 |
Frequency: range from 10 to 30 Hz |
30 mins |
3 |
12 |
36 |
| Rigato 2002 |
Frequency: 100 Hz |
30 mins |
7 |
2 |
14 |
| Interferential current |
Cheing 2008 |
Current swept from 80 to 120 Hz |
20 mins |
2.5 |
4 |
10 |
| Dewan 2011 |
Current swept from 80 to 120 Hz |
20 mins |
2.5 |
4 |
10 |
| Ryans 2005 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
2 |
4 |
8 |
| TENS |
Calis 2006 |
Intensity: patient's tolerance |
20 mins |
5 |
2 |
10 |
| Carette 2003 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
3 |
4 |
12 |
| Dewan 2011 |
Frequency: High; Intensity: tolerance level just below pain threshold |
20 mins |
2.5 |
4 |
10 |
| Maryam 2012 |
Not reported |
Not reported |
1 |
6 |
6 |
| Low‐level laser therapy |
Stergioulas 2008 |
810‐nm Galium‐Aluminum‐Arsenide (Ga‐Al‐As) laser with a continuous output of 60 mW applied to eight of the most painful points for 30 seconds each |
4 mins |
1.5 |
8 |
12 |
| Taverna 1990 |
Frequency 1000 Hz and power 24 mW applied to painful points, points of greater access, and trigger points |
15 to 20 mins |
15 |
1 |
15 |
| Iodex iontophoresis |
Bumin 2001 |
Intensity: 2 mA |
20 mins |
1 |
10 |
10 |
| Iodex phonophoresis |
Bumin 2001 |
Intensity: 1.5 W/cm2
|
5 mins |
1 |
10 |
10 |
| Polarity exchangeable permanent magnet |
Kanai 2006 |
Not reported |
24 hours |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Infra‐red irradiation |
Lee 1973 |
Not reported |
10 mins |
1 |
6 |
6 |
