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. 2014 May 17;2014(5):CD002020. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002020.pub4

Comparison 1. Meta analysis: any parent training programme versus control (parental outcomes).

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Depressive symptoms 27   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 22 1591 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐0.28, ‐0.07]
1.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 13 2104 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.10 [‐0.22, 0.03]
1.3 Long term follow up (more than six months post intervention) 7 1491 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.10, 0.13]
2 Anxiety symptoms 11   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 9 464 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.43, ‐0.01]
2.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 3 882 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.05 [‐0.08, 0.19]
2.3 Long term follow up (more than six months post intervention) 2 739 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.13, 0.16]
3 Stress 29   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
3.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 25 1567 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.29 [‐0.42, ‐0.15]
3.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 12 1680 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.22 [‐0.42, ‐0.01]
3.3 Long term follow up (more than six months post intervention) 4 1121 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.10, 0.13]
4 Self esteem 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 2 147 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.45, 0.42]
4.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 2 193 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [‐0.22, 0.34]
4.3 Long term follow up (more than six months post intervention) 2 168 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.21, 0.40]
5 Anger 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
5.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 3 107 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.60 [‐1.00, ‐0.20]
6 Guilt 3   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 3 119 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.79 [‐1.18, ‐0.41]
7 Confidence 15   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
7.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 14 1001 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.34 [‐0.51, ‐0.17]
7.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 7 636 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.32 [‐0.63, ‐0.01]
7.3 Long term follow up (more than six months post intervention) 2 381 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.39 [‐1.16, 0.38]
8 Partner satisfaction 9   Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
8.1 Post intervention (immediate post intervention up to four weeks post intervention) 9 432 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.28 [‐0.47, ‐0.09]
8.2 Short term follow up (one to six months post intervention) 1 46 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.33 [‐0.91, 0.25]