Fig. 11. Proteins and peptides for actuating lipid membranes. a, GUV deformation triggered by phase separation of FUS LC adhered on the lipid membrane. Scale bars: 10 μm.²⁷⁹ b, GUV deformation triggered by de novo peptides.²⁸⁵ c, Propulsion of ATPase-coated GUVs.²⁸⁶ d, Light-induced propulsion of a phase-separated GUVs driven by local peptide nanofibre growth (top) and the photocleavage reaction of a DNA-peptide conjugate (bottom).²⁸⁹ e, Illustration of the biochemical process inside OLVs. Vesicle fusion is triggered by the interaction between peptide K and peptide E.³⁶⁴ Figures reproduced with permission from: a, ref. 279, copyright 2021, National Academy of Sciences; b, ref. 285, copyright 2018, American Chemical Society; c, ref. 286, copyright 2019, American Chemical Society; d, ref. 289, copyright 2018, Nature Publishing Group; e, ref. 364, copyright 2021, Royal Chemical Society.